(GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT AWARENESS)

Time Frame: 4 Hours

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the Lesson, the learners will be able to:

• Define Gender and Development (GAD);

• Understand Gender Biases and its different manifestations
• Understand the Sex and Gender
• Understand on the Gender and development implementation in
the Army
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
• Gender and Development (GAD)
• the development perspective that recognizes the unequal status and
situation of women and men in society. Women and men have different
development needs and interests as a result of said inequality, which is
institutionalized and perpetuated by cultural, social, economic and political
norms, systems and structures. As a development approach, GAD seeks to
equalize the status and condition of said relations between women and men
by influencing the processes and outputs of policymaking, budgeting,
implementing, monitoring, and evaluation so that they would deliberately
address the gender issues and concerns affecting the full development of
women.
Discrimination is defined as:
• Overt behavior in which people are
given different and unfavorable
treatment on the basis of their race,
class, sex, and cultural status”Any
practice, policy or procedure that
denies equality of treatment to an
individual or group.
Understanding Sex and Gender

• WHAT IS SEX?
• WHAT IS GENDER?
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER?
What is Sex?
• Natural distinguishing variable based on biological
characteristics of being a man or a woman; Same
across all cultures; CANNOT BE CHANGED!
What is Gender?
• The socially differentiated roles, characteristics and
expectations attributed by culture to women and
men;
• Composite of attitudes and behavior of men and
women (masculinity & femininity);
• Created, produced, reproduced and maintained by
social institutions, a process otherwise referred to
as the social construction of gender.
CAN BE CHANGED!
Sex and Gender Roles

• A sex role is a function which a male or

female assumes because of the basic
physiological or anatomical differences
between the sexes.
• A gender role refers to society’s evaluation
of behavior as masculine or feminine.
 Gender Bias and Manifestation
• “...cultural beliefs, perceptions, practices, values, roles, attitudes, and
structural arrangements that favor one sex over the other, not on the basis
of individual merits but on what society recognizes as having greater
value.”Emphasize that gender bias, which refers to the differential
treatment and valuing of men and women, is not only found in cultural
beliefs, but also in the perceptions, practices, values and attitudes of the
people in the society. Because of these differential treatments and values
given on men and women, certain structural arrangements are made to
favor men, not because of merit, but because of the outdated and
traditional view that men are superior than women. These unfair
treatment results to the discrimination of women.
Different manifestations of Gender Bias
Economic Marginalization
• This happens when women’s work, especially their reproductive
functions of child bearing, child rearing and family care and
housework, are not considered as directly contributing to economic
development, making their outputs unrecognized and undervalued. It
also happens when women are considered as non-essential force in
the economy despite their crucial role in production.
Political Subordination

• This refers to the act of imposing that power and leadership in the
home, community, workplace, and in the society, must be occupied
by men. This often results in women having no control over available
resources and in having no personal autonomy.

• Subordination happens when the society is preventing or blocking the

person from going up the ladder because of his/her sex, by use of
force or violence, or simply by being under the authority of one sex.
Gender Stereotyping
• refers to the giving of automatic labels, characteristics or roles to men
and women that are dictated by culture and society.It is the society’s
perceptions and value systems that instill an image of women as weak,
dependent, subordinate, indecisive, emotional and submissive. Men,
on the other hand, are strong, independent, powerful, dominant,
decisive and logical.These are also unexamined images, ideas or beliefs
associated with a particular group that have become fixed in a person’s
mind and are not open to change. For example, women’s roles,
functions and abilities are seen to be primarily tied to the home.
Gender Division of Labor
• The allocation of differential tasks, roles, responsibilities and activities
to women and men according to what is considered socially and
culturally appropriate.

Multiple Burden
• A situation referring to the heavy workload of women and the many, overlapping tasks
involved, which if computed in terms of hours would total more than 24 hours.It also
refers to the assumption and performance of several tasks and responsibilities of
women. For example, even if women hold jobs outside the home, essentially putting in
the same working hours as the men, and participants in community activities,
housework and child family care are still primarily considered as a woman’s concern.
Gender Based Violence (GBV)
• GBV is an umbrella term for any harm that is perpetrated against
a person’s will as a result of power inequities based on gender
roles.GBV includes the following: physical abuse, psychological
abuse, economic abuse, rape, sexual harassment, other forms of
sexual violations, dowry-related violence, and any discriminatory
cultural practices perpetrated against women and girl children
such as female genital mutilation.
Gender and Development Implementation in
the Army
• Gender mainstreaming requires that the entire PA commits to the promotion of gender
equality in its plans and processes. The following are the efforts of the organization to
promote GAD:
a. Utilization of Female Line Personnel in the Philippine Army
b. Implementing Guidelines on GAD Focal Point System in the Philippine Army.
c. Utilization of the GAD Budget.
d. Mainstreaming Gender in the Philippine Army
e. Implementing Guidelines for National ActionSecurity (NAPWPS).
f. Gender Sensitivity Training Program
g. Gender-Fair Language
Reasons why the Philippine Army should
engage in GAD
a. Gender Equality is a primary concern which is mandated by
international and national laws.

• Significant implications on military operations, strategic,

operational and tactical levels, in and outside the organization, in
combatant and non- combatant situations, and in war and
peacetime.
Reasons why the Philippine Army should
engage in GAD
b. The underlying principles of GAD is founded on Human Rights.
• The government and its instrumentalities, including the AFP, along
with civil society and business sectors, pursue human rights through
their respective organizational mandates, and legal and institutional
mechanisms. The World Conference on Human Rights states that “In
time of war and peace, an environment that maintains and promotes
human rights, democracy and the peaceful settlement of disputes in
accordance with the principles of non- threat or use of force against
territorial integrity or political independence or…
 Reasons why the Philippine Army should
engage in GAD
….respect of sovereignty as set forth in the Charter of UN is an important factor
for the advancement of women”.
c. Existence of biases in women and men.
• Constraints the full and equal development of both sexes.
d. Gender and armed conflict is a major critical concern.
• Identified in the 1995 UN Platform of Action on Women. Further, the
GenevaConvention for the Protection of Civilians in Time of War (1949) and
Additional Protocols of 1977 provide that women shall especially be protected
against any attack on their honor, in particular against humiliating and
degrading treatment, rape, enforced prostitution or any form of indecent acts.
 Reasons why the Philippine Army should
engage in GAD
e. Men have important roles and stakes in advancing gender equality.
• As fathers, sons, partners, spouses and workers as well as advocates of
rights, and guardians of territories and people.
f. Gender equality is an indicator of good governance and a requisite for
sustainable human development.
• These are values and objectives pursued by the military especially in
“winning the peace” and becoming a “professional army worthy of national
pride”.
Summary
• After reading on this subject, you can now be able to:
• Define Gender and Development (GAD);
• Understand Gender Biases and its different manifestations
• Understand the Sex and Gender
• Understand on the Gender and development implementation in the
Army
TIME FOR A MISSION!

Time for activity

THANK YOU AND GOOD LUCK!!!