PLANT TISSUE

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUE

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUE

1. Meristematic tissue 2. Permanent tissue

o apical meristems (length) o parenchyma
o lateral meristems (girth= thickness) o collenchyma
o sclerenchyma
o epidermal
o •conducting
Parenchyma Tissue

Functions:
 Acts as packing tissue.
 Stores water, sugar (in fruit) and starch.
 Intercellular air-spaces allow gases and water to
pass through the tissue.
Collenchyma Tissue

Functions:
 Act as supporting tissue, especially in
young stems and leaves.
Sclerenchyma Tissue Structure:
 Cell walls even thickened with lignin.
 Cells have no content, meaning they
are dead cells.

Functions:
 Provide mechanical support.
Epidermal Tissue

o Have no chlorophyll.

Functions:
 Protects inner tissues in a plant.
 Functions:
 Xylem transports absorbed water and mineral salts from the
Conducting tissue- Xylem roots to the stem and leaves.
 Unidirectional
 Gives plants strength.

Xylem
Xylem Vessels Xylem Tracheids
 Consists of dead cells with  Consists of dead cells.
no cross walls.
 Hollow and joined to form  Long and tapered (closed) at
long tubes which allow both ends.
rapid movement of water.
 Walls are lignified to form  Walls are lignified with pits.
pits.
Conducting tissue- Functions:

Phloem  Transports manufactured food from leaves to all parts of the plant
(translocation)
 Sieve tube: Food moves in both directions.
 Companion cell: controls functioning of sieve tube elements.

Phloem
Sieve Tubes Companion Cells
 Elongated, hollow cells  Located next to sieve tube.
filled with cytoplasm.  Nucleus is large.
 Sieve plates: formed from
pits on end walls.
 Nucleus is not present
 Leaf

Main function is for photosynthesis.

There are two types of leaves:

o • Monocot
1. have parallel veins.

o • Eudicot
2. have netted veins.
Adaptations of the leaf for photosynthesis

1. The leaf is flat and has a large surface for sunlight absorption.
2. Waxy cuticle is transparent to allow light to enter the mesophyll cells.
3. Xylem is close to mesophyll cells for easy water absorption.
4. Palisade cells are arranged to get maximum sunlight exposure.
5. Mesophyll tissue has many chloroplasts, thin walled for easy diffusion (has airspaces for
rapid diffusion) and gaseous exchange.
6. Stomata controls the intake of CO2, water loss and O2 output
7. Phloem transports mineral salts from the leaf to the rest of the plant.
8. Spongy mesophyll cells are thin walled for easy diffusion of CO2 and water.
9. Vacuoles store products of photosynthesis.
Leaf

 The leaf is made up of many tissues:

 Epidermis
 Xylem
 Phloem
 Palisade mesophyll
 Spongy mesophyll
 Guard cell
Epidermis
 Waxy cuticle. (Reduces water loss)
 Surrounds the leaf.
 Protects inner layers of leaf.
 Lower epidermis has small pores called
stomata.
 The stoma is surrounded by two guard
cells.
Guard cell & Stoma
 Takes in CO2 and releases O2.
 Releases water vapour during transpiration.
 Opens when guard cells are turgid (filled
with water).
 Closes when guard cells are flaccid (limb
because of water loss).
 Guard cells contain chloroplasts.
 Guard cells open and close the stoma to
allow for gaseous exchange and
transpiration.
Mesophyll Palisade mesophyll
 Is found under the epidermis.
 Cells are arranged like a fence
(palisade) for maximum absorption of
light.
 Each cell contains many chloroplasts.
 Has thin cell walls for diffusion of gases.
Spongy mesophyll
 Found below palisade mesophyll.
 Loosely arranged rounded cells with
large inter-cellular air spaces.
 Contain chloroplasts

 Stores CO2 in the intercellular airspaces

Vascular Tissue

Xylem
Phloem
 Found in the vein of the leaf.
 Found in the vein of the leaf.
 Is a continuation of the xylem in the
 transports food made during
stem.
photosynthesis from the leaf to the rest
 Carries water and mineral salts to
of the plant.
mesophyll tissue for photosynthesis.