SEXUAL SELF

Did you know?

All human beings begun their existence as females?

Geneticist have discovered that only

X chromosome
is present in the fetus before the 5-6 conception period
 chromosomes
Are responsible for determining the sex of an individual

XX chromosomes
are formed together during conceptions

Female Is produced
XY chromosomes
met each other

Male is formed
 After the 5-6 weeks

If fetus is to be male, Y chromosome finally appears

This process is called

Sexual Differentiation
Y chromosomes releases androgens like testosterone
And blocks the female hormone called estrogen
 After the 5-6 weeks

If the Y chromosome never arrives

The fetus will then continue to develop as

Female
PUBERTY
Observable changes
In the human body begin during the puberty stage

Puberty Is the process we go through to grow from a

child into a young adult

Most people start going through puberty between

10-15 years old

 As our body develops
our brain will send a message to our glands to start producing special
hormones

Ovaries Will start producing estrogen

Testicles Will start producing testosterone

Male and female are now capable to procreate

During puberty
physical and emotional changes happen

• Body hair will start to grow on pubic area and armpits

• Body odors are more noticeable
• Sexual and romantic toughs become more common
• Skin get oilier that sometimes causes pimples
 Male changes
When testosterone production begins

• Deeper voices
• Penis and testicles become larger and longer, and may change color
• Erection and ejaculations begin to occur
• Facial hair may begin to grow
 Female changes
When estrogen production begins

• Breast begin to develop

• Menstruation begins to occur
• Hip, butts, and thighs fill out to becoming curvy
As our body changes
So will our mind and emotions

Puberty has many ups and downs.

 It is totally normal for your mood and feelings to change
Puberty hormones may make you

think
dream
fantasize sex
 There is no reason to feel guilty about your thoughts

Sexual fantasies are

normal Because things you imagine
healthy are not real
Cannot hurt other people
 This is also a time when you may begin to notice

Who
what attracts you to someone
and begin to discover
Your sexuality
EROGENOUS ZONE
Erogenous Zones
Are sensitive areas on the body that causes arousal when
touch

• However, may differ from one person to another

• People may like being touched in certain areas more than the other
areas
• Identifying different erogenous zones may improve sexual health
HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE
Sexual response cycle
Refers to the physical and emotional changes that occur
when a person is sexually aroused
and engaging in sexually stimulating activities

Intercourse
Masturbation
Knowing how your body responds during each phase
of the cycle can improve your relationship and help
you identify the cause of any sexual issues
Four Sexual Response Cycle
• Excitement phase
• Plateau phase
• Orgasmic phase
• Resolution phase
 Excitement Phase

• The first stage of sexual response cycle.

• This is the result of kissing, petting and watching pornography leading to sexual
arousal which indicates an increase in heart rate, breathing rate and rise in blood
pressure.
• Male excitement phase is observed in partially erect penis while the female clitoris
and vagina begin to swell.
• The male erection may be partially lost and regained repeatedly during an
extended excitement phase.
• Female excitement stage may last for several minutes to several hours
 Plateau Phase

• Generally of brief duration, can be felt before the orgasm.

• With continued stimulation and increased in sexual pleasure, the muscle at the base
of the male genital begin a steady rhythmic contraction and begin to secrete
seminal fluid or pre-ejaculatory fluid.
• Testicles is now closer to the body.
• Female plateau stage is the continuation of the excitement stage.
• Clitoris becomes very sensitive and vagina began to lubricate.
• Plateau phase is the peak of the female sexual excitement who never achieve
orgasm
 Orgasmic Phase

• Marked by a feeling of sudden intense pleasure, an increase in pulse rate and blood
pressure, and spasms of the pelvic muscles causing vaginal contractions in the
female and ejaculation by the male.
• Orgasm is the completion of the plateau phase.
• Orgasms are often related with other involuntary actions, like vocalizations and
muscular spasms in other areas of the body, and a generally over the moon
sensation.
 Resolution Phase

• Comes after the orgasm allowing the muscles to relax and return to a normal or
subnormal physiological state.
• Despite some minor differences, sexual responses in both men and women are
basically similar.
• Males return to normal even if stimulation continues, but continued stimulation in
females can produce additional orgasms.
• In other words, after one orgasm, a male becomes insensitive to sexual stimulation
and cannot begin to build up another excitement phase until some period of time
has passed, but
• Females are physically capable of multiple orgasms without the intervening “rest
period” required by males
GENDER &
SEXUALITY
Sex and gender may seem to be undifferentiated,
but they are in fact two completely different things
 Sex
is merely biological determined by physical characteristics
including sex chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, internal
reproductive structures, and external genitalia (penis or
vagina)

Once the individual is born, they are identified as either male or female.
 Gender is more intricate.

• It is not about the idea that a person was born with a penis or vagina, but how a
person feel about self.
• It is how an individual presents himself or herself to the world.
• Some people are born intersex - conditions where a person is born with biological
characteristics (such as hormones, chromosomes, reproductive or sexual anatomy)
that don’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male.
• In some cultures, it is accepted that there may be multiple types of sexes.
 Gender Identity
• is how a person identify and present him or herself (boy or man, or as a girl or
woman).
• Some people may identify self as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer
(LGBTQ).
 Sexual Identity
• is based on someone’s feelings, attractions, and desires.
• It is the degree of acceptance or discomfort which an adult manifests in terms of
behavioral and emotional characteristics expected for a person, according to
biological sex, to show within the interaction with other people”
• There is a difference between sexual identity and sexual behavior. For instance, you
may consider yourself straight, but hook up with people of your own gender
sometimes
 Sexual Orientation
• sometimes called “sexual preference”
• is based on the biological sex of the person who an individual is sexually attracted
to.
• It expresses one’s pattern of feelings of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to
men, women, both, or neither sex.
• Heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual is the classification of sexual orientation.
 Sexual Orientation
• Heterosexuals are attracted to people of the opposite sex,
• Homosexuals are attracted to the same sex, and
• Bisexuals are equally attracted to both
SEXUAL
TRANSMITTED DISEASE
 DIAGNOSTICS
LEARNING CHECKPOINT

• Most STD/STI have no symptoms

• A person can have an STI and not
Agree know it
• There greater risk of getting an
Disagree STD/STI that doesn't cause any
symptoms
• STD/STI are curable
“Ang sharap”
“Ang sharap, sharap
kaya”
 WHAT IS STD/STI

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually

transmitted infections (STIs) or venereal diseases (VD) are
diseases that are passed on from one person to another through
sexual contact
 HOW CAN SOMEONE
GET AN STD/I?
• Vaginal sex
• Anal sex
• Oral sex
• Transmission from mother to baby during childbirth
• Skin to Skin contact
• Sharing equipment
• Exchange of bodily fluids
 STD/STI

Why would you be at

A person can have greater risk of getting
Most STD/Is have
an STD/I and not an STD/I that doesn't
no symptoms
know it cause any
symptoms?
 TYPES OF STD/I
organism that lives on or in a
host and gets its food from or
at the expense of its host

Bacterial Parasitic Viral

caused by bacteria passed caused by, or relating to

from person-to-person during a virus or viruses
sexual activity.
 Gonorrhea

Chlamydia

Bacterial
STD/Is

Syphilis
CHLAMYDIA
 CHLAMYDIA
• Among the most common bacterial STD/is in the world
• Passed by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex
• Condoms can help prevent the spread of chlamydia during
vaginal/anal sex
• Condoms or dental dams can be used for protection during oral
sex
DENTAL DAM
 CHLAMYDIA

• Most people have no symptoms

• The infection can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics
• A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be
tested

Remember chlamydia is CURABLE!

 CHLAMYDIA

Approximately 8 out of 10 people who have Chlamydia do not

realize they have it (no symptoms) therefore the most common
symptom is No Symptoms!
GONORRHEA
 SYMPTOMS OF GONNORHEA
• watery, creamy, or greenish vaginal discharge.
• pain or burning while urinating.
• an urge to urinate more frequently.
• heavier periods or spotting between periods.
• pain during penetrative vaginal sex.
• sharp pain in your lower abdomen.
• itching and soreness in your anus.
• rectal bleeding or discharge.
 Gonorrhoea can cause symptoms in the genitals, anus or
throat. Men and women may experience different
symptoms. Symptoms usually begin 1–14 days afterGONORRHEA
sexual contact with an infected person.

• Sexually transmitted bacterial infection

• Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex
• Condoms can help prevent the spread of gonorrhea during vaginal or
anal sex
• Condoms or dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex
 GONORRHEA

• Most people have no symptoms

• The infection can be cured with antibiotics
• A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be
tested

CURABLE!
 GONORRHEA
Burning during urination
Rectal pain, itching,
bleeding discharge
Vaginal bleeding or pain
Yellowish-white vaginal
discharge

Discharge from the penis

Burning when urinating
Painful/swollen testicles
SYPHILIScan cure the early stages
 SYPHILIS
• Rare sexually transmitted bacterial infection
• Can cause serious damage to the body if not cured, including death
• Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex
• Condoms can help prevent the spread of syphilis during vaginal or
anal sex
• Condoms or dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex
 SYPHILIS
• Syphilis produces a wide range of symptoms that are often confused
with other illnesses
• Some people have no symptoms at all
• The infection can be cured antibiotics
• A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be
tested

CURABLE!
 Trichomoniasis

Pubic Lice

Parasitics
STD/Is

Scabies
 PUBIC LICE

The lice attach their eggs to the pubic

hair and feed on human blood
TRICHOMONIASIS

Caused by a
parasite that is
usually sexually
transmitted, but it
can survive 24
hours on wet towels
and bathing suits
 SCABIES

Caused by the itch mite. It burrows just under the skin and lays eggs. The
scabies mite can live for 2-4 days away from the human body; it can be
transmitted without sexual contact.
 HOW TO PREVENT PARASITIC
STIS
Trichomoniasis
• Condoms will help prevent the spread
Pubic lice and Scabies
• Avoid sharing towels and clothing that have not been washed
• When trying on bathing suits or underwear in the store always wear
something underneath
Signs and symptoms of a parasitic STI
•Intense itchiness
•Reddish rash
•Pain during sex or urination
•Vaginal discharge

How are parasitic STIs treated?

• Shampoo – special shampoo to kill lice or scabies
• Lotion - special shampoo to kill lice or scabies
• Ointment- special shampoo to kill lice or scabies
• Antibiotic
 Human Papilloma
Herpes Virus (HPV)

Viral
STD/Is

HIV / AIDS Hepatitis

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)

• Very contagious virus

• Some people never get symptoms
• HPV is spread through skin to skin contact , oral, anal and vaginal sex
with an infected partner
• Some types cause genital warts and other types can cause cancer of the
cervix
 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)

Treatment
• Treatments remove the warts but does not remove the virus from the
blood
• Most warts will clear over time
• There is no cure for HPV
GENITAL HERPES
 GENITAL HERPES
• Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
• Spread through skin to skin contact and oral, anal and vaginal sex
• Some people with herpes never develop sores, but are still contagious
and may spread it to others without knowing
• People who have an initial outbreak can have more outbreaks throughout
the rest of their life

NOT CURABLE. It is TREATABLE!

HEPATITIS
 HEPATITIS
• Hepatitis is a virus that affects your liver
• It can cause permanent liver disease and cancer of the liver
• Hepatitis A & B can be prevented by vaccines
• There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C
 HOW IS HEPATITIS
TRANSMITTED

• Hepatitis A is transmitted through fecal oral route

• Hep B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids
• Hep C is transmitted mostly through blood but also through bodily fluids
 HOW CAN SOMEONE LOWER
THEIR CHANCES OF GETTING
HEPATITIS B AND C?

• Get vaccinated against Hepatitis B

• Practice safer sex
• Do not share instruments used in body-piercing, tattooing or hair
removal
• Do not share personal items such as toothbrushes, razors and needles
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
(HIV)
AND
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SYNDROME (AIDS)
 HIV AND AIDS

• HIV is the initial infection

• AIDS is the advanced stage of the disease
• Over a period of time, the virus attacks and damages the body’s
immune and nervous system
 HOW IS HIV/AIDS SPREAD?

• The virus is spread through bodily fluids

• Decrease risk with condom use
• There is no cure for HIV infection
• Once infected, you have HIV for life
abstinence
100 % EFFECTIVE WAY OF
PREVENTING STIS AND
PREGNANCY?
 WHAT DOES ABSTINENCE MEAN?
• Abstinence means to not do something
• Sexual abstinence means to abstain from different levels of sexual
activity
• Possible choices for sexual abstinence between two people could be:
• Avoiding vaginal and anal intercourse
• Avoiding oral-genital contact
• Avoiding genital contact
• Avoiding unregulated sexual contact and
preventing the practice of promiscuity is the best
way to prevent STDs.

• However, deciding to prevent STDs can be carried

out by adopting the practices and habits below if
one is sexually active
1. Keep a Monogamous Relationship
It is important to stay in a relationship with only
one person or partner. Faithfulness and sincerity play a
vital role in the maintenance of a healthy sexual life
among adults;
2. Practice Abstinence
It is a truth that every person has the sexual drive or
sexual urge. However, unlike the need for food, water and air it
can be postponed for future gratification. The same can actually
result in a more responsible practice and utilization of the gift
of reproduction.
3. Be Committed
Do not engage in the sexual activity unless you are in a
relationship with responsibility and a sense of commitment.
4. Use Caution
Since it is somehow inevitable for some persons to engage
in the sexual activity, therefore, necessary to use measures to
prevent being afflicted by STD.

Safety precautions such as the use of ‘rubber’ or ‘condom’ can

be most feasible way to prevent the spread of STDs among
sexual partners though findings will prove that commercially
produced condoms can still be 90% inefficient of not properly
used.
5. Undergo Regular Medical Checkups
In order to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted
Diseases every individual especially those engaged in active
sexual activities should undergo a regular medical check up to
maintain good reproductive health;
6. Be Knowledgeable about the Causes, Effects and Prevention
of STDs
It pays to be aware of STDs, their causes, transfer and
prevention to ensure that the handling and gratification of the
sexual drive demands an understanding of one’s responsibility to
each partner. It is enough that human need is satisfied as every
person is liable for his or her own act as we have the freewill to
decide on our fate and life.
 PREVENTING STIS AND
PREGNANCY

• Delay sexual activity until you are older

• If you choose to be sexually active, use protective barriers (condoms,

dental dams) and birth control
 SEXUAL HEALTH AND DECISION
MAKING

• Concept of consent
• Communication in a relationship
 REASONS/FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE SEXUAL HEALTH
DECISIONS
- Religious beliefs - Gender Identity
- Family and personal values - Need for more time to think
- Knowing yourself – what makes you feel - Personal decision-making skills
good/comfortable - Ability to communicate with others
- Concern about pregnancy and STIs - Desire
- Physically readiness - Curiosity
- Emotional readiness - Pressure or expectations of partner
- Sexual Orientation
 SUMMARY

• The Best Protection (from STIs and pregnancy) is Abstinence

• Consider how STIs are passed (slide 5)
• Just because someone doesn’t have symptoms, doesn’t mean they don’t
have an STI
• Keep informed about STIs and how to protect yourself
• Talk to a parent, teacher, or a trusted adult