Biological

Cultural
And
Socio-Political
Evolution
 BIOLOGICAL
• EVOLUTION
Refers to the changes , modifications
and variations in the genetics and
inherited traits of biological
populations from one generation to
another.

• This concept explains the origins of

modern human.
 HUMAN
• EVOLUTION
The revolutionary process leading to the
appearance of modern-day humans.

• “HOMINIDS”- is the direct ancestors of

homo species.

• “HOMO”- is used to determine the

species of human beings.
AUSTRALEPITHECUS
The first definite hominids,
lived 4.4 million to 1.4
million years ago.

They were fully bipedal

which means that they
could walk using their two
legs.
 HOMO SPECIES
• HOMO HABILIS
• Handy man because this species was thought to
represent the first maker stone tools.

• HOMO ERECTUS
• Known that they have the capacity to control
fire, because of this, they survived the cold
weather.
HOMO SAPIENS
• The species to which all modern human beings
belong.

• “Wise Man or Thinking Man”

 CULTURAL
AND
SOCIO-POLITICAL
REVOLUTION
Different Types of Society
• Hunting and gathering
• Horticultural
• Pastoral
• Agricultural
• Industrial
• Post-industrial
 HUNTING AND
GATHERING
• Produces simple forms of tools
used to hunt animals and gather
plants and vegetation for food.
 HORTICULTURAL
• A horticultural society is one in which
people subsist through the cultivation
of plants for food consumption
without the use of mechanized tools or
the use of animals to pull plows.
 PASTORAL
• The principal means of subsistence of
pastoralists is animal domestication.

• They are classified as animal herders and

subsist based on the resources provided
by their animals.
 AGRICULTURAL
• During Neolithic Age
• Humans began to farm and domesticate
animals as their form of subsistence.
• Neolithic people produced cultivation
tools and developed farming skills that
can support and sustain a town with a
population of over a thousand people.
 INDUSTRIAL
• Began when the industrial revolution
swept through Europe during the late
eighteenth century and the first half of
the nineteenth century.
• Characterized by the use of large-scale
production and mass-production
techniques in order to make products.
 POST - INDUSTRIAL
• Society marked by a transition from a
manufacturing-based economy to a
service-based economy.