Welcome to Tutorial I

PBIS4220/LISTENING II
 ELEMENTS OF PRONUNCIATIONS

SUB TOPICS:
1. Stress

2. Rhythm

3. Pitch and Intonation

 SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS

Students are able to:

• identify the stress of words/phrases/poems in
English
• identify the rhythm of words/phrases/poems in
English
• identify the pitch and intonation of words/phrases/
poems in English
 1. STRESS

What is word stress?

It is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a
word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence.

Listen carefully to the following words with the stress. These words
contain only one syllable or monosyllable words.

What words have you heard from the audio? Play once again and try
to repeat the words!
 1. STRESS

How about stress on words with two or more syllables? Listen carefully
to the following words!

What words have you listened to? Play the audio once again while you
are reading the following words. Focus on the stress!

baby – able – ago – hotel – desert – desert – export – export –article –

November –tomorrow – impossible – accumulation

Notes: the word desert and export have two kinds of stress. The primary
stresses on the first syllable function as nouns, while on the second
syllable function as verbs and adjectives in a sentence.
 2. RHYTHM

What is Rhythm?
Rhythm refers to the pattern of sounds made by varying the stressed
and unstressed syllables in a poem.
Learn the following poem, then listen to the audio and repeat it
carefully. Please mind the stressed syllable as well!

Because I Could Not Stop For Death, by Emily Dickinson

Because I could not stop for Death,
He kindly stopped for me;
The carriage held but just ourselves
And Immortality.
 3. PITCH and INTONATION

• Pitch is the degree of lowness and highness of tone in each syllable.

• There are four types of pitch: 1. low pitch, 2. normal pitch, 3. high pitch, and 4.
extra pitch.
• Low pitch is ususally used to end a sentence or a line.
• e.g. I’m tired.
• Look at the following picture! Learn the pitch!
3

2 1
• Now practice the following sentences!

I’m going home.

I think she’s there.
 3. PITCH and INTONATION

•Intonation is the flow, the music, the going up and

down of pitch over different syllables in an utterance.
•There are three types of intonation: 1. high-normal
sustained intonation, 2. falling intonation, and 3.
rising intonation.
• Listen carefully to the following examples of high-
normal sustained intonation!
 3. PITCH and INTONATION

Now, listen carefully to the following examples

of falling intonation!
 3. PITCH and INTONATION

Listen carefully to the following examples

of rising intonation!

Can you see the differences of those three

types of intonation?
Please discuss with your group!
 SCRIPT

• Slide 4: Word stress  monosyllable words

‘man – ‘will – ‘cut – ‘can – ‘all – ‘and – ‘glass – ‘he – ‘call – ‘is – ‘in –‘eat – ‘land –
‘rough – ‘she – ‘as

• Slide 5: Word stress  two words and > two words

‘baby – ‘able – a’go – ‘hotel – ‘desert – de’sert – ‘export – ex’port ’article –
No’vember –to’morrow – im’possible – accumu’lation

• Slide 6: Rhythm in a poem

Because I could not stop for Death,
He kindly stopped for me;
The carriage held but just ourselves
And Immortality.
 SCRIPT

• Slide 7: Pitch
I’m tired.

• Slide 8: high-normal sustained intonation

I need an apple and a banana.
In addition on that, the regulation should be reformed.

• Slide 8: Falling intonation

When were you born?
Why are you sad?

• Slide 8: Rising intonation

May I close the window?
Do you mind if I smoke here?