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CH-7 Presentation of Building Construction
CH-7 Presentation of Building Construction
Layout plan:
Site Plan:
Man requires different types of building for his
activity.
Residential buildings provide shelter to man. Non –
residential building provide platform for work,
education , occupation and recreation.
Building construction with the help of various
materials and methods of construction is carried out to
satisfy above stated purposes.
The buildings are activity centers , hence various
components are essential to make long life and
economical buildings.
It has load bearing walls which receive the loads and
transmit the same to the ground through their
foundations.
The walls on all the floors are provided one above the
another.
These provide greater floor area. The walls are partition walls.
Additions and alternations can be more easily done in framed
structure.
On lower floors finishing work is easily carried out when frame
work of upper floors can in progress.
Hence at a glance construction activities on
various floors can be handled simultaneously.
Speed in construction of a framed structure can
be easily achieved.
On upper floors air circulation is better. On
higher floors noise of abutting streets and traffic
is curtailed.
More number of persons can be accommodated
per area of land.
Framed structures are adopted for low and high
rise buildings.
To get resistance to various loads, specially of
earthquake, the columns are tie up with each
other by plinth beams.
In composite structure columns as well as load bearing
masonry walls are provided.
Floor loads are transmitted to walls and beams.
The load is transmitted to the ground by columns and load
bearing walls through their foundations.
Composite structure are preferred for construction of floors
which has to cover larger area by slabs.
The construction of halls, godowns, public buildings prefer
composite structure.
The areas are enclosed by load bearing walls and internal area
is supported on beams and columns.
The extended or projected area is supported on beams and
columns.
Various loads are taken into account while designing
the foundation of a structure. Loads coming on a
structure are :
Live loads consist of moving or variable
loads due to people or occupants , their
furniture stores, machinery etc.
For lower beams, the concrete cover under the beam should be
more than 15 to 20 cm. The concrete filling keeps the R.S.J. in
position and prevents them from corrosion.
(1) Plinth : Plinth is that part of the structure
between the surrounding ground surface
immediately above the ground. Plinth is provided
with damp proof course.
(2) Wall : (1) Load bearing (20,3040, cm)
(2) Non-load bearing (Partition wall –
10cm)
They are light in weight and thin in
section.
6
Plinth
34
(3) Roof :
Slab
Main
reinforcement
Distributio Beam
n
reinforcem
ent
Types of floors : (1)Ground floors (b) Upper
floors
Types of Door :
Main types of door are as below- (1) Battened and ledged door
(2)Framed and paneled door
(3)Flush door
(4) Revolving door
(5) Swing door
(6) Collapsible steel door
(7) Mild steel sheet door
(8) Glazed door
Revolving Door Collapsible Steel Door
Types of Windows :
Fixed Pivoted
Double Hung Sliding
Casement Sash
Louvered Metal
Bay Clerestorey
Corner Dormer
Gable Lantern
Skylight
Fixed Windows Pivoted Window
Bay Window Dormer Window
•As per number of Flights : (1) Single flight
(2) Double flight
(8).Types of Lintel :
As per Materials : 1. Timber 2. Stone 3. Brick
5. Steel 6. R.C.C.
TYPES :
As Per Material
Main Reinforcement
Stirrups
In building drawing floor plan indicates the
appearance of section cut horizontally through the
building somewhere between the floor level and its
ceiling.
Types of section: