SESSION 4.

2
Causality Analysis
 SESSION
OBJECTIVES

 Develop a CAUSALITY ANALYSIS of the

identified problem/s on CICL based on the
summary statement of the problem.
 OBJECTIVE of WORKSHOP: Draft CLJIP

THE ROAD TOWARDS THE WORKSHOP OBJECTIVE

SITUATION RESULTS-
CAUSALITY THEORY OF CHANGE
ANALYSIS OF BASED
ANALYSIS CHANGE STRATEGIES
CICL/CAR FRAMEWORK
 What is CAUSALITY ANALYSIS?

CAUSALITY ANALYSIS seeks to better understand the

reasons why children commit crimes.

It is important to identify and understand these reasons

because these are what you need to address in order to
solve the problem later on.
 IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS
 Nobody is born a law breaker, drug abuser, malnourished, stunted,
violent, victim, bully, bobo, drop-out, etc. (Walang batang likas na-)

 No such thing as criminal genes, violent genes, bobo genes,

stunting genes, etc... (Hindi namamana ang masamang gawain …)

 Child offenders do not just become offenders overnight; a child

does not become malnourished overnight. Etc…

 CIRCUMSTANCES around a child DEFINE what he or she will

become, thus CAUSALITY ANALYSIS.
CAUSALITY ANALYSIS USING SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL
Demand Side
(Family Side)

Supply Side
(Community
Side)

i ly
a m
F y
n i t Enabling
m u
m Environment
Co y (Barangay Side)
i et
c
So
CAUSALITY ANALYSIS identify the factors that cause
children to become CICL.

In CAUSALITY ANALYSIS, we identify the reasons that

push children to become CICL and analyze if there are
initiatives that respond to CICL or that prevent them from
becoming CICL.

(1) Family side,

(2) Community side, and
(3) Barangay side.
 CAUSALITY ANALYSIS - EXAMPLE
Levels of
Analysis Questions for Analysis
 What are the factors in the
families that push children to
1.FAMILY become CICL?
SIDE  What are the practices, beliefs
that may push children to
become CICL?
 Are the parents aware of
children’s rights?
 Do children have the knowledge
and skills to resist temptations to
become CICL?
 Are the children’s basic needs
adequately met?
Some of the reasons or causes
might be the following:
 Parents physically abuse their
children that drive them away
from their houses.
 Parents are not aware of child
rights.
 Children steal money to help their
poor parents
 Children’s basic needs are not met
at home.
 Causality Analysis - Example
Levels of
Analysis Questions for Analysis Some of the reasons or causes
might be the following:
 Are there adequate services for  Children are influenced by
2. Community CICL? bad peers in the community.
Side  Are there available facilities  There is no protocol in
catering to CICL? management of CICL and
 Is there a protocol/system on CAR
management of CICL?  There are limited
 Are the service providers opportunities in the
properly trained? community for play and
 Is there coordination, networking recreation.
among agencies?  Services for children are
insufficient.
 Causality Analysis of CICL Template – cont.
Levels of
Analysis Questions for Analysis
 Are there adequate laws promoting
3. Barangay and protecting children’s rights?
SIDE  Are relevant laws on children (e.g.
RA 9344) effectively enforced?
 Are there enough local budget for
CICL?
 Are the relevant structures on
children functional? LCPC?
 How supportive are the local
leaders (LCE) to CICL program?
 Is the 1% mandatory allocation for
LCPC being used properly?
Some of the reasons or causes
might be the following:
 The Barangay has no
ordinance protecting children.
 Laws on children are not
implemented in the Barangay
 The are no facilities for
children in the Barangay.
 The 1% mandatory allocation
for children is not being used
properly.
 The Barangay has no
Development Plan for
Children.
Group Work 2
Come up with a Causality Analysis on CICL/CAR in your
Barangay
Instructions:
1. Enumerate the factors that cause children to become
CICL or that cause CICL to increase. Concentrate on the
level that you will be assigned. Please use the template.
2. After one hour, each group will be given a chance to
present their output. Others can provide inputs.
Group 1.
Factors that cause children to become CICL and
Levels of Analysis
Reasons why the number of CICL is increasing
Family Side
Group 2.

Factors that cause children to become CICL and

Levels of Analysis
Reasons why the number of CICL is increasing
Community Side
Group 3.

Factors that cause children to become CICL and

Levels of Analysis
Reasons why the number of CICL is increasing
LGU Side
 NEXT STEP:
Transpose the causality analysis into a problem tree.
 SAMPLE: CAUSALITY ANALYSIS OF CICL/CAR IN BARANGAY PAG-ASA

Problem Statement: The number of CICL is increasing in Barangay

Pag-asa from 25 in 2019 to 75 in June 2020.

FAMILY COMMUNITY
SIDE LGU SIDE
SIDE

Parents physically Children influenced no ordinance

abuse their children by bad peers protecting children

Parents are not No protocol on Laws on children are

aware of child rights handling CICL/CAR not implemented

Children steal money limited opportunities 1% allocation for

to help parents for play/recreation. children unused
Services for children
Children’s basic No Development
are insufficient
needs not met . Plan for Children.
 CAUSALITY ANALYSIS OF CICL/CAR IN Valenzuela City
FAMILY
SIDE
 Parents use corporal punishment
to discipline children.
 Children lack parental supervision
and encouragement to pursue
education
 Children’s needs are not fully met
due to family’s financial instability.
 Parents are not fully aware of
their parental rights and
responsibilities.
 Children “lack life skills” to resist
peer pressure and temptations to
commit crimes.
 Exposure to vices, unlawful and/or
immoral activities in the family.
Problem Statement:
COMMUNITY
SIDE
 Lack of coordination among
agencies in the delivery of services
and in sharing data on children.
 Existing data collection system for
CAR/CICL not fully enforced and
replicated in the barangay level.
 Duty bearers lack skills in
implanting diversion at different
levels (diversion at barangay,
police and prosecutor’s level).
 Children’s exposure to vices,
unlawful and/or immoral activities
in the communities.
 Inadequate preventive,
intervention and reintegration
programs for CAR and CICL
CITY LGU
SIDE
 Ordinances protecting children
are not strictly due to poor
dissemination, monitoring and
lack of appreciation of the law.
 No ordinance Institutionalizing
the CLJIP with allocated budget.
 Inactive LPMT for CLJIP
Implementation
 Unavailability of CLJIP Monitoring
and Evaluation Tool
 CAUSALITY ANALYSIS OF CICL/CAR IN BARANGAY __________

Problem Statement:

FAMILY COMMUNITY
SIDE LGU SIDE
SIDE
End of SESSION 3
Situational Analysis
and Causality
Analysis