Language barriers:
English as an additional language- This is a barrier as those who don't
speak English as a first language. For example, when doing a cooking
activity with the residents and explaining the instructions on of the
cooking recipe to the residents. This will affect their understanding in
what is being said by the carers and other residents as it would be difficult
to understand words that are not common to them (not in their own
language).
Speech difficulties- This is a barrier to those with speech difficulties as
they wouldn't be able to speak if they need help with anything. This
affects the amount of support they get from carers. This leads to a lack of
understanding if they struggle with not knowing what to do and they don't
ask for support.
Slang- This is a barrier to those who don't speak English as a first language
those who don't use slang (or have never heard of it before). For example,
when a person say's words like 'gonna', which means 'going to'. This
affects them as they would find it difficult to understand what is being said
as they may not be used to hearing words like that.
Acronyms- This is a barrier to those who don't speak English as a first
language as they wouldn't understand what is being said. The affect is that
they wouldn't be able to understand what is being said by others, lack of
understand will lead to confusion and they may lose concentration during
the conversation. For example, BSL (British Sign Language).
Colloquialisms- This is a barrier for those who don't speak Englidh as their
first language and for others as it can be confusing to hear words such as
'Chicken out'. This may affect of this is that may lead to misunderstandings
and may lead them to lack focus while comunicating.
Jargon-this is a barrier to those who don't speak English as their first
language as they will lack understanding of what is being
said. For example, medical terms such as prognosis or embolsim. If these
terms are not explained in a way that brings understanding to them, then
they would find it difficult to make decisions. This affects the knowledge
that they receive, making them make decisions (for their care plan/ future
care) based on lack of understanding as the terms that are used are not
common terms (the terms are quite long/ big and hard to explain).
Environmental barriers:
Lighting- This is a barrier as it can affect those with poor eye-sight as they
may not be able to see what is being shown to them because the lighting
may be dim or low. Also, this is a barrier to those with hearing problems as
they may be used to lipreading as they may find it easy. This affects those
as they wouldn't be able to lipread which then makes it a little
uncomfortable as they may struggles to hear and understand what is
being said. This makes them struggle to communicate back to others as
they may not want them to get fed up with repeating the same thing over
and over. This may make them feel left out as others can communicate
great other than those with hearing or sight impairment.
Seating- This is a barrier as those with pysicahl impairment (wheelchair
users) as if the tables are too high, they wouldn't be able to reach it. This
affects them as they might feel left out which then they may not want to
participate in the activity or talk to anyone.
External noise- This is a barrier as those with hearing problems will
struggles to over the background noise as they can't hear what is being
said to them. This affects them as they'd get frustrated with nit being able
to hear what the other person is saying, which leads to them not wanting
to commuicate at all.
Lack of space- This is a barrier that makes it difficult for those who may
not be able to fit or get into the room because of the lack of space (not
everyone can fit in a small amount of space). This could aslo be with
wheelchair users as they may find it hard to get their wheelchairs in the
room because of the lack of space. This may lead them to not being able
to communicate with staff. This affects them as they'll feel left out and
they may feel embarrassed of having someone help them get into the
room independently.
Physical barriers:
Sensory deprivation- This is a barrier as some people's senses
are impaired. For example, hearing impairment and sight
impairment. This affects them as they would struggle with
understanding certain things because their senses are
impaired. This decreases the amount of engagement as they
may drift off because of lack of understanding from not being
able to hear or see, making the activity boring. They may not
participate and concentrate in activities based on whether
they're get the support they need or not.
Physical- This is a barrier as the facility that the residents are in
may be distracting and noisy. This affects the resident's
concentration making it harder for them to focus on what the
carer is saying to them, which leads to a lack of understanding
as they were distracted and that made them not listen to the
carers as they were speaking.
Mental illness- This is a barrier as those with mental illnesses
may find it hard to concentrate as they might be depressed.
This affect them as they wouldn't want to communicate with
anyone maybe because ethey don't want to talk about their
mental health problems.
Social barriers:
Lack of confidence- This is a barrier as those with lack of confidence may be shy
and low on self-respect/worth. This can affect them as they may tend to socially
isoclate themselves as they don't want to talk with others because they may
fear that they'd get rejected and misunderstood by others. This would make
them keep a distance from others.
Intimidation- this is an example of social isolation and a barrier because if
someone feels intimidated by someone else in the restindetail care they might
not understand what people are saying to them. If someone has been a victim
of abuse, they could become withdrawn and unable to communicate. Trauma
can cause distress which can make people unable to listen properly or to
misunderstand what is being said by others.
Trauma and abuse- This is a barrier as they go through life changing events that
they may not want to talk about to others. This affects them as they may not
want to talk about their issues or socialise with others as it may be difficult for
them to do so. They have issues with explaining what happened to them as it
really affected them.

Joe
Answer the questions below for each scenario
• What communication difficulties will he have in the centre and why? Joe has
speech impairment, which makes it difficult to communicate to others as he
can't talk to them without struggling to speak. This makes him frustrated.
• What should the centre do to overcome these communication barriers with
Joe? Teach Joe, the other residents and staff BSL so that they can all
understand each other without needing to speak. Break things down for him
when speaking to him as it will allow him to process the information easily.
Remind Joe of what was said by the other carers. Joe could write things down
through text or just on a whiteboard allowing him to communicate with others
without getting frustrated.
• How will overcoming these communication barriers help Joe? Overcoming
these barriers would allow him to communicate effectively without getting
frustrated.
Sarah
Answer the questions below for each scenario
• What communication difficulties will she have in the centre and why? Sarah
has hearing problems and poor eye-sight so this will affect her understanding
of what is being said and. Also, she wouldn't be able to hear much of what is
being said because the of the background noise. The poor lighting would affect
her concentration when she is trying to lipread, making it difficult for her to
lipread what one is saying.
• What should the centre do to overcome these communication barriers with
Sarah? They can teach Sarah BSL, along with the staff and other residents by
setting up activities to do with BSL. This would make it easier for her to
understand what is being said as she would be able to do BSL with others
when talking to them. They could provide a radio aid so that she can hear that
person wearing it, speaking. They could also repeat words that she can't hear
so that she can understand what was being said. They could provide her a sign
language translator, who can sign what others are saying to her, in sign
language.
• How will overcoming these communication barriers help Sarah? If these
barriers are overcome this will help Sarah be able to understand and
participate in conversations and activities.

Adam
Answer the questions below for each scenario
• What communication difficulties will he have in the centre and why? Adam
wouldn't be able to understand what is being said to him as he has English a
second language and doesn't always understand what is being said to him by
carers. Agreeing to everything that the carers say would affect his care and
support that he gets as he would be agreeing to things he doesn't understand
or have knowledge on. For example, if Adam was with a carer discussing his
future care plan and he was agreeing to everything they were saying, that
wouldn't really support his care to the full extent. He wouldn't be making
informed decisions based on what he would like and what he thinks is best
for him. This is because he doesn't understand what is being said and
wouldn't understand the options there are.
• What should the centre do to overcome these communication barriers with
Adam? They should provide him with an interpreter as they would help him
understand everything that is being said which would be interpreted into his
language making it much easier for him to understand.
• How will overcoming these communication barriers help Adam?
overcoming these barriers would help him make decisions and choices which
would help him receive the most efficient care that he needs. It will also give
him a better understanding of what is being said by the carers, making it
easier for him to participate in conversations with others, instead of agreeing
to everything.
Raj
Answer the questions below for each scenario
• What communication difficulties will he have in the centre and why? Raj
would struggle with communicating with others as he was neglected by his
perants and was bullied by others. He will find it hard to ask for
help/support as he gets distressed when around a lot of people. He was
bullied by other children when he was in primary school, which may have
made him feel scared to make friends because of peer rejection. He thinks
he'll get rejected by others and so he may choose to stay away from trying
to make friends. This means he has no friends.
• What should the centre do to overcome these communication barriers
with Raj? The centre should talk to Raj to see if he is okay (they should do
this quite often). They should give him support and ask him regularly when
doing activities, whether he needs help or not. This is because he may not
say that he needs help because he finds it hard to communicate with
others. They could do activities that he has interest in so that he can build
relationships with others as they may have the same interests.
• How will overcoming these communication barriers help
Raj? Overcoming these communication barriers would allow him to build
relationships with others. This will allow him to trust in others even though
he was bullied in his past. This could help him build confidence in himself
and it will allow him to relax in situations where there may be a lot of
people and to not be distressed. This will allow him to express himself to
others and not care for what others think. He also wouldn't care much
about peer rejection as he possibly would've made friends, boosting his
self-esteem.
Case study Measures implemented to overcome barriers Evaluate effectiveness of measures taken
to remove barriers

Scenario 1. – They can teach Sarah BSL, along with the staff and other residents by setting up activities to do with Change the poor lighting: This can benefit Sarah as she'll
Environmental and BSL. They could set up weekly activities, that involve learning BSL. They could use booklets, be able to lip-read others. This would make her feel part
Sensory Makaton, videos and games that could help them learn BSL more easily as it is a complex language. of the conversation and would help her a lot as she has
Impairments Sarah They could provide a radio aid so that she can hear that person wearing it, speaking. They could buy hearing impairment which affects her when
has issues with both a radio aid that is in budget of the care home. having conversations with background noise and poor
her hearing and Another adaption could be to change the lighting of the environment. This would allow Sarah to lip- lighting. This may not be successful as changing the
sight when read others better. Book a licensed electrician to change the lighting of the care home (under the lighting will cost money as the care home would need a
communicating. This budget of the care home). professional to fit in the new lighting also with the cost of
means she wears They could provide her a sign language translator, who can sign what others are saying to her, in buying new lightbulbs.
strong lensed sign language. Book a sign language translator for Sarah, that is within the budget of the care home.
glasses and a Book them monthly so that she'll be able to have a day with the translator each month, reassuring Provide a radio aid: Providing a radio aid can benefit her
hearing aid. If Sarah her of everything. The translator could help with teaching her BSL. as she'll be able to hear what others are saying, clearly.
uses her strong This may not be successful as radio aids cost a lot and the
lensed glasses, she -BSL activities (weekly) could support Sarah (and others) as would make it easier for her care home may be low on buget. This also may not
can sometimes lip to understand what is being said as she would be able to do BSL with others when talking to be effective as with radio aids, Sarah can only hear the
read. The lighting in them. This could help them learn BSL weekly and gain knowledge and understanding of a new person who is wearing the radio aid, which means if
the centre is very language, which would help them communicate with Sarah effectively. someone else speaks she wouldn't be able to hear or
poor and there is a -Providing a radio aid could support Sarah as it would allow her to hear what is being said by others. lipread over background noise and poor lighting. This also
lot of background This would allow her to be more engaged and maintain focus in a conversation. can benefit Sarah as she'll be able to hear clearly and
noise because carers -Changing the lighting could support Sarah as she would be able to lip-read other properly. She engage in conversations. She'll also have the confidence
are constantly would be able to participate in conversations and activities as she would be able to understand and to participate in activities.
talking to the give feedback.
residents. -A sign language translator would help her understand clearly what others are saying and they could Teach her and others BSL: This can benefit her and others
help her learn BSL better. by building their language skills and help them
communicate to each other in a different way. This may
The care workers (staff) could have training in learning BSL. This would help Sarah understand what not be successful as some people may not want to learn
they're saying to her. The training should be at least every week during the BSL activities where they BSL or may not be able too, which then means not
all could learn together, with the residents. When having conversations with Sarah the posture of the everyone would understand BSL. If others don't
care workers (staff) should be upright and not slouchy, indicating that they are engaged in having a understand BSL it would be ineffective for Sarah to use it
conversation with Sarah. The care workers (staff) should smile and not frown as it may be to communicate with others.
misinterpreted. Care workers should actively listen to Sarah, which will help them give good
feedback. Sign language translator: This can benefit Sarah as she'll
has support from a professional who can translate what
Sarah should be referred to an audiologist who would give frequent hearing tests to see if her one is saying to Sarah in sign language. This will allow her
hearing has gotten any worse. She should also be referred to a sign language translator who could to understand what others are saying. This may not be
teach her BSL. successful as the buget of the care home may be low as
paying for a translator may cost a lot.