Qualitative Test

for Secondary
Metabolites
 What are Metabolites?
•An intermediate or end product of a
metabolism reaction or small
molecules that are products of
metabolic reactions catalyzed by
various enzymes (proteins that help
speed up metabolism, or the chemical
reactions in our bodies) that naturally
occur within cells.
 Classification
of Metabolites
Primary Metabolites
•It plays a role in
fundamental life processes,
such as plant growth and
development, including VS. It was shown to possess
processes like glycolysis, the
Krebs cycle, and
photosynthesis, which are
common to all living cells.
Secondary Metabolites
•Are chemical compounds
produced through metabolic
pathways derived from the
primary metabolic pathways.
various biological effects. It
is able to protect plants from
pathogens.
 Secondary Metabolites
•Secondary metabolites, also called
specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary
products, or natural products, are organic
compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g.
bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which
are not directly involved in the normal
growth, development, or reproduction of
the organism. •Secondary metabolites
(SMs) are generally defined as small
organic molecules produced by an organism
that are not essential for their growth,
development and reproduction.
 Steps in Conducting
a Qualitative Test

1 Sample 2. Selection
of
Preparation
. Reagents 3. Extraction
>Prepare the >Extract the
>Choose appropriate
sample by reagents or test secondary
grinding or solutions based on
crushing the plant metabolites from
the type of the sample using
material to release secondary
the secondary metabolites you are a suitable
metabolites. testing for. solvent.
Steps in Conducting
a Qualitative Test

Test
4.
Procedure
>Perform
specific tests for
the types of
secondary
metabolites you
are interested in.
 Alkaloids
•Use Dragendorff's reagent or Wagner's reagent for
alkaloid detection. They produce orange-red or reddish-
brown precipitates, respectively.

Flavonoids
Examples •Perform tests like the Shinoda test, which
produces various colors depending on the
type of flavonoid present.
of Secondary
Terpenoids
Metabolites: Use sulfuric acid or Liebermann-Burchard
reagent, which produce characteristic color
changes.

Phenols
•Test with ferric chloride, which forms colored
complexes with phenolic compounds.
 Steps in Conducting
a Qualitative Test

5. Interpretation 6. Documentation 7. Confirmation

>Compare the >Record your > Confirm the
results with known observations, presence of
standards or including the type secondary
literature references of secondary metabolites using
to identify the types metabolites additional tests or
of secondary detected and any analytical
metabolites present techniques such
in the sample. specific reactions aschromatography
observed. or spectroscopy.
Steps in Conducting
a Qualitative Test

8. Reporting
>Compile your
findings into a
report detailing
the qualitative
analysis of
secondary
metabolites in the
sample.
Let’s Play
a Game!
 MECHANIC
S:
You must say “DARNA” with
feelings before you answer. You will
not be able to get the special prize if
you did not say “DARNA” with
feelings, and if your answer is
incorrect.
Let’s Start!
 Question 1:
also called specialised metabolites, toxins,
secondary products, or natural products, are organic
compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria,
fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved
in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of
the organism.
 Question 1:
also called specialised metabolites, toxins,
secondary products, or natural products, are organic
compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria,
fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved
in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of
the organism.

SECONDARY
METABOLITES
 Question 2:
plays a role in fundamental life
processes, such as plant growth and development,
including processes like glycolysis, the Krebs
cycle, and photosynthesis, which are common to all
living cells.
 Question 2:
plays a role in fundamental life
processes, such as plant growth and development,
including processes like glycolysis, the Krebs
cycle, and photosynthesis, which are common to all
living cells.

PRIMARY METABOLITES
 Question 3:
Give at least one example of
secondary metabolites.
Question 3:
ANSW
ER: ALKALOI
DS
Question 3:
ANSW
ER:FLAVONOI
DS
Question 3:
ANSW
ER:TERPENOI
DS
Question 3:
ANSW
ER: PHENOLS
Thank
You!