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Fourth Generation 4G: Cellular Wireless Standards
Fourth Generation 4G: Cellular Wireless Standards
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What is 4G ??
4G = fourth genration / B3G -Beyond 3rd Generation (UMTS, IMT-2000) mobile communications 4G = successor of the 3G and 2G standards 4G - Next level of evolution in the field of wireless communications. 4G -MAGIC Mobile multimedia , Anytime/anywhere Global mobility
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History of 4G technology
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Features
4G will have all standards from 2G and 3G implemented. Infrastructure will be packet-based(all-IP) Open internet platform. Technologies include Flash-OFDM,the 802.16e mobile version of Wimax and HC-SDMA. Higher speed.
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Objectives
A spectrally efficient system(in bits/s/Hz and bits/ s/Hz/site). High network capacity:more simultaneous users per cell A data rate of atleast 100 Mbits/s between any two points in the world. Smooth hand off across heterogeneous networks. Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks.
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Components used in 4G
Smart antennas. Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)systems. Space-time coding. Dynamic Packet Assignment. Wideband OFDM. UWB. IPv6.
4G - MIMO
MIMO (BLAST & space-time coding) techniques increase bit rate and/or quality on a link by creating multiple channels and/or enhancing diversity. Switched/steered beam antennas for base stations and interference suppression/adaptive antennas for terminals reduce interference, increasing system capacity
4G - OFDM
European HDTV Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL)
OFDM characteristic
High peak-to-average power levels IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Preservation of orthogonality in severe multi-path Support for adaptive modulation by subcarrier Frequency diversity Robust against narrow-band interference Efficient for simulcasting Variable/dynamic bandwidth Used for highest speed applications Supports dynamic packet access
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It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices .
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IPv6
IPv6 means
Internet Protocol
QOS(quality of service)
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In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability.
Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate.
Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .
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A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software. The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required. Roaming can be an issue with different standards, but with a software defined radio, users can just download the interface upon entering new territory, or the software could just download automatically.
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Advantages
MAGIC Interactive multimedia services Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates Global mobility and service portability Scalability of mobile network Entirely packed-switched elements Digital network elements Higher band widths to provide multimedia
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Limitations
Application
q
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In traffic control. Tele-Geoprocessing and Virtual Navigation. Telemedicine. In crisis management application. Sensors on Public Vehicles.
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Conclusion
The development in day-to-day communication after 3G is not just an 4G EVOLUTION,its a REVOLUTION.
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Queries ??