Project By:-

Khan Mohammad Moin Abdul Moiz – 23CO37

Khalife Abdul Sami Sajid – 23CO33
Faquih Umair Mohammad Azhad – 23CO31
Kazi Jishan Nasir – 23CO32
Khan Mohd Irfan Sirajuddin – 23CO40
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01 Introduction
Welcome to the Presentation on the
Application of Spectroscopy.
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Spectroscopy is a crucial tool in the field of chemistry,

providing valuable insights into the composition and
behavior of matter. In this presentation, we will explore
various aspects of spectroscopy and its applications,
focusing on emission spectroscopy, fluorescence in
medicine, and much more.
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02 Principle of Flame Photometry

• Flame Photometry relies on the principle of exciting

atoms or ions within a flame, leading to the emission
of characteristic light.
• When a sample is introduced into the flame, it
undergoes atomization and excitation due to the high
temperature.
• Excited electrons then return to lower energy levels,
emitting photons in the process.
• The emitted light, often specific to certain elements,
is analyzed to determine the elemental composition
of the sample.
03
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03 Flame Photometry Instrumentation

• Flame photometry involves specific

instruments designed for the precise
measurement of emitted light from a flame.
• The key components include a burner,
nebulizer, and a detector to capture the
emitted light.
• The burner atomizes and excites the
sample, while the detector quantifies the
emitted light, allowing for accurate
analysis.
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04 Applications of Flame Photometry

• Flame photometry finds diverse applications

in elemental analysis across various fields.
• In environmental studies, it aids in
determining metal concentrations in soil and
water samples.
• Biomedical research benefits from flame
photometry by analyzing biological samples
for essential elements.
• Industries utilize flame photometry for quality
control, ensuring the desired elemental
composition in products.
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05 What is Fluorescence?

Fluorescence
Fluorescence is a process where a

01 substance absorbs light energy at one

wavelength (usually ultraviolet or visible
light) and promptly re-emits the energy at
a longer wavelength. This phenomenon
involves a brief electronic transition,
typically on the order of nanoseconds, as
the excited state returns to the ground
state.
05 What is Phosphorescence?
Applications in Engineering

Phosphorescence
Phosphorescence, like fluorescence,
involves the absorption and subsequent
emission of light. However, in
phosphorescence, the return to the ground
state occurs over a more extended period,

02
ranging from milliseconds to hours.The
extended transition time is due to a spin-
forbidden transition, resulting in a delayed
emission of light.
05 Difference
Fluorescence
1. It is the absorption of energy by
atoms or molecules followed by
immediate emission of light or
electromagnetic radiation.
2. In Fluorescence, the excited
atom has comparatively short
life time before its transition to
low energy state.
03
Phosphorescence
1. It is the absorption of energy by
atoms or molecules followed by
delayed emission of light or
electromagnetic radiation.
2. In Phosphorescence, the excited
atom has comparatively long life
time before its transition to low
energy state.
06
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06 Jablonski Diagram

Introduction to Jablonski Diagram

06 Jablonski Diagram
Introduction to Jablonski Diagram

1. The Jablonski Diagram is a graphical

representation of electronic transitions in a
molecule .
2. It illustrates the energy levels and pathways
involved in processes such as absorption,
internal conversion, fluorescence, and
phosphorescence.
06 Jablonski Diagram

Explanation of Energy Levels and Transitions

06 Jablonski Diagram
Explanation of Energy Levels and Transitions

1. The diagram consists of horizontal lines

representing different energy levels, with
arrows indicating transitions between these
levels .
2. Absorption occurs when a molecule absorbs
energy and moves to a higher electronic
state, while emission involves the return to a
lower state, releasing energy as light.
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07 Application of Fluorescence in Medicine

Overview of Fluorescence in Medicine

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Fluorescence plays a pivotal role in various medical applications,
offering unique advantages in imaging and diagnostics . The ability to
tag specific molecules with fluorescent dyes enhances visualization and
detection in biological systems.
07 Application of Fluorescence in Medicine

Imaging Techniques using Fluorescent Dyes

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In medical imaging, fluorescent dyes can be targeted to specific tissues
or cells, enabling precise visualization during procedures . Techniques
like fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-guided surgery leverage
these dyes for enhanced precision in medical interventions.
07 Application of Fluorescence in Medicine

Significance in Medical Diagnostics and Treatment

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Fluorescence facilitates non-invasive diagnostics, allowing for the
detection of abnormalities at the molecular level . Moreover,
therapeutic applications involve using fluorescence for targeted drug
delivery and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
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08 Conclusion

Recap of Key Points

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1. Emission spectroscopy, particularly flame photometry, is a powerful
analytical technique for elemental analysis.
2. Fluorescence and phosphorescence offer valuable insights into the
behavior of molecules under light excitation.
3. The Jablonski Diagram serves as a visual tool to understand electronic
transitions in spectroscopy.