GAS LAWS THAT RELATES

PRESSURE, VOLUME AND Science 10

TEMPERATURE
BOYLE’S LAW
At constant temperature, the pressure of a
fixed quantity of a gas varies inversely with
the volume.
These means that if the pressure of a gas
sample is increased without changing the
temperature, the volume of the gas will
decrease proportionally or that if the pressure
on the gas is doubled, the volume will be
halved.
BOYLE’S LAW

P1V1 = P2V2
TRY!!!
A gas sample exerts a pressure of 3.0 atm
when it occupies a 120-L vessel at 20oC. What
pressure would the gas exert at 20oC if the
same gas sample is transferred to a 9.0-L
vessel?
TRY!!!
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 225mL
at a pressure of 720 torr and a temperature of
20oC. Calculate the new pressure if the
volume is increased to 350mL, at constant
temperature.
TRY!!!
A sample of gas with a volume of 145mL
exerts a pressure of 775torr. What must the
volume be if the pressure is to become 740
torr, at a constant temperature?
CHARLE’S LAW
At constant pressure, the volume is a fixed
quantity of a gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature.
These means that provided the pressure on the
gas remains constant, the volume will increase
proportionally to the absolute temperature,
that is, the volume of the gas will double is the
absolute temperature is doubled.
CHARLE’S LAW

=
TRY!!!
A gas sample is observed to occupy 12.0-L
under a pressure of 101.325 kPa (also 1 atm)
at 27oC. What will be the volume of the gas if
it is heated to 57oC under the same pressure.
TRY!!!
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 275mL
at 20oC and 1 atm pressure. Calculate the
volume of the gas at 0oC and 1atm pressure.
GAY – LUSSAC’S LAW
At constant volume, the pressure of a given
sample of gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature.
GAY - LUSSAC’S LAW

=
TRY!!!
A sample of gas at 25oC has a pressure of
1.2atm. Calculate the final pressure in
atmospheres if the temperature changed to
100oC, at constant volume.
TRY!!!
The tire on a bicycle stored in a cool garage at
18 °C had a pressure of 80. psi. What is the
pressure inside the tire after riding the bike at
43 °C?
TRY!!!
A pressure cooker is used to cook food in a
closed pot. By heating the contents of a
pressure cooker at constant volume, the
pressure increases. If the steam inside the
pressure cooker is initially at 100. °C and 1.00
atm, what is the fi nal temperature of the
steam if the pressure is increased to 1.05 atm?
THE COMBINED GAS
LAW

=
TRY!!!
A sample gas occupies a volume of 12.5-L at
625 torr pressure and 150oC. What would the
pressure be, in torr, if the volume were
increased to 15.0-L and the temperature were
increased at 300oC?
TRY!!!
A sample of gas occupies a volume at 512mL
at 20oC and 740 torr. What volume would this
occupy at STP?
TRY!!!
A weather balloon contains 222 L of helium at
20 °C and 760 mm Hg. What is the volume of
the balloon when it ascends to an altitude
where the temperature is –40 °C and 540 mm
Hg?
AVOGADRO’S LAW
Two gases that occupy equal volumes under
the same temperature and pressure contain the
same number of moles. At standard
temperature and pressure, one mole of any
ideal gas will occupy 22.413 L.
AVOGADRO’S LAW

=
TRY!!!
The lungs of an average male hold 0.25 mol
of air in a volume of 5.8 L. How many moles
of air do the lungs of an average female hold
if the volume is 4.6 L?
TRY!!!
A balloon that contains 0.30 mol of helium in
a volume of 6.4 L develops a leak so that its
volume decreases to 3.85 L at constant
temperature and pressure. How many moles of
helium does the balloon now contain?
THE IDEAL GAS LAW
All four properties of gases—pressure, volume,
temperature, and number of moles—can be
combined into a single equation called the ideal gas
law.
The product of pressure and volume divided by the
product of moles and Kelvin temperature is a
constant, called the universal gas constant and
symbolized by R.
THE IDEAL GAS LAW

PV = nRT
where R has the value of
0.08205 L . atm / mol . K
TRY!!!
Calculate the volume of 22.0 g of CO2 gas at
40oC and 2.0 atm.
TRY!!!
Calculate the pressure, in atmospheres of 1.2
moles of gas in a 10.0 L container at a
temperature of 100oC.
TRY!!!
Calculate the mass, in grams, of 230mL of Cl2
gas at 20oC and 740 torr pressure.