Ideal fluid

• Ideal fluid is the imaginary fluid which is incompressible and having

zero cohesion.
Fluid at rest and relative Rest
• for Fluid at rest or at relative rest there is no relative rest there is no
relative motion between two different adjacent fluid layers.
No relative No relative
motion motion

V=0 V=a
Fluid at rest
Fluid at relative rest
No-slip condition
• According to No-slip condition , relative velocity of fluid layer with
respect to solid surface is zero at solid surface.

u = 10m/s Movable plate

u = 10m/s u=o

umax

u=o
Stationary plate No slip condition
 Viscosity of liquid
• When the liquid is in motion the internal resistance offered by one
layer of liquid to the adjacent layer of liquid is known as viscosity.
u=v u=v u=v u=v
Movable plate

parabolic Linear
u=0 u=0
Fixed plate
COUETTE FLOW Simple Couette flow
Flow between fixed plate and movable plate
 Fluid at rest

No relative Motion

Fluid at relative rest

zero cohesion Ideal fluid

• The reason for viscosity is relative motion and cohesion.

• For liquid at rest or relative rest , the concept of viscosity is not valid.

• For ideal fluid, cohesion is zero hence viscosity is also zero.

 CONCLUSION
Analysis for a fluid flow, deformation rate(shear strain rate) is equal to the
velocity gradient in Y direction
u=v

dudt
u + du (u+du)dt (u+du)dt dudt
dy u Distance after dt time
dy udt dy dy
udt dө

u=0 Shear strain rate/deformation rate

Velocity
gradient
Newtons law of Viscosity
• According to Newtons law of viscosity shear stress is directly proportional to
the deformation rate (shear strain rate) or velocity gradient.
• If u is the function of Y only.

Where µ is constant at a given

temperature & known as
1. Viscosity
2. Coefficient of viscosity
3. Absolute viscosity
4. Dynamic viscosity
Finding shear stress when velocity profile is
given
 Analysis of linear velocity
Movable plate profile u=v
y vt
y3 u3
u 3t
y2 u2 Distance after t time
u 2t
y1 u1
u 1t

Stationary plate u=0

• For linear velocity profile, uniform shear stress acts throughout the
cross section in normal direction.
• For solving problems, linear velocity profile will be given in the
question. If nothing is mentioned, then it velocity profile can be
assumed to be linear if the fluid thickness is very small.

1. Linear velocity profile

2. Some random velocity profile

3. Nothing is mentioned then assume linear velocity profile