Pak Afghan Relation

form Soviet Invasion till 9/11

(1979-2001)
Soviet- Afghan War (1979-1989)
• Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to aid newly eastablished
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (formed 1978) against the Afghan
Mujahideens
• Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) was state under one party
rule of People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDRA)
• The socialist and liberal DRA was extremely unpopular among the
masses and relied heavily of Soviet Support.
• In December of 1979 30,000 Soviet soldiers were deployed in
Afghanistan.
Soviet- Afghan War (1979-1989)
• Quickly about 100,000 Soviet soldiers controlled the cities, major
towns and garrisons of Afghanistan while US backed Mujahideen
controlled the rural areas.
• The resulted in Soviet ruthlessly bombing rural areas to cut down
Mujahideen support.
• Soon Afghanistan became the playground for proxy war between
USSR and US.
• The bulk of American military and monetary aid reached Afghanistan
throught the Lumber 1 Army.
• The mujahideens were even trained inside the borders of Pakistan.
Soviet- Afghan War (1979-1989)
• The war resulted in 2.8 million Afghans fleeing to Pakistan while
another 1.5 million seeking refugee in Iran.
• The counter attacks of Afghan Communists resulted in 300 deaths in
Pakistan in hundreds of operations.
• In 1988 Soviet Union signed an accord with US,Pakistan and
Afghanistan and agreed to withdraw its troops.Soviet withdrawl was
finished in 1989.
Second Afghan Civil War(1989-1992
• After Soviet withdrawl another civil war started in Afghanistn
• ISI and America failed to put over Afghan Mujahideen against the
Communst government of Afghanistan until 1992.
Third Afghan Civil War(1992-1996)
• After 1992 the efforts to form an interim government failed after ISI
backed Hezbi Islamic group of Hekmetyar aimed at seizing power
alone.
• War broke out between various factions of Mujahideen.
• In 1994 ISI gave up on Hekmetyar group.
Taliban formation and Taliban Rule (1996-
2001)
• ISI stated backing a new group Taliban from 1994.
• Taliban were formed by various Afghan refugees in various Madrassas
of Pakistan.
• In 1996 ISI backed Taliban emerged as sole faction that controlled 12
provinces of Afghanistan.
• Taliban ruled Afghanistan from 1996-2001 till 9/11.
Al Qaeeda
• Al Qaeeda was a group formed in Peshawar by veterans of Soviet-
Afghan War in 1988.
• After Taliban rule stared in 1996 Al Qaeeda started functioning inside
Afghanistan.
• Al Qaeeda carried extremely major operations against US and allies
which include bombing US embassy in Kenya and Tehran and ofcourse
9/11.
Al Qaeeda