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Research
• the collection of information about a particular subject
• studious inquiry or examination

• EXAMPLES
• Action research, thesis, dissertation, and case study.
WRITING RESEARCH TITLE:
QUANTITATIVE

& QUALITATIVE
BASIC PARTS OF THE RESEACH TITLE

RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH

GOAL OR VARIABLES LOCALE
RESULT
RESEARCH GOAL OR RESULT
- The Direction of the study.
- What you want to investigate, examine,
describe, and etc.

Keywords: Effect, Impact, Assess, Develop,

Innovate, Factors, Evaluate, Correlate
RESEARCH • Independent
VARIABLES Variable (IV)

• Dependent
Variable (DV)
Independent
Variable (IV)
• - usually tells us the topic; focus;
issue; problem .

• Ex. Cyber Bullying, Depression and

Anxiety, Online Classes,etc.
Independent
Variable (IV) FOCUS:
* SOCIO-
CULTURAL
ISSUE
INSIDE THE
SCHOOL OR
INSIDE THE
CAMPUS
• RESEARCH GOAL + IV

• ex. EFFECT OF COVID- 19

Dependent
Variable (DV)
• this is affected by IV, this is usually
the respondents: Students,
Teachers, Employees, youth skills,
academic performance, mental
health, behavior or attitude, ETC.
• RESEARCH GOAL + IV + DV

• ex. EFFECT OF COVID- 19 TO

THE SOCIAL SKILLS OR
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
OF …
Concept Variable a.k.a Categorical
Variable (CV)
• ANOTHER VARIABLE (ONLY USED FOR
QUALI.R)
• non-numerical variable, categorized
through decription, theme, and code.

• EXAMPLES: Levels of Satisfaction, Kinds

of Perception, Degrees of Performance.
Practices, Developing etc.
RESEARCH LOCALE

- particular School, City,

Barangay, country, community.
• QUANTI=YOUR RESEARCH TITLE SHOUL BE
LIKE THIS:

GOAL + IV + DV + LOCALE
(QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH)
• QUALI=RESEARCH TITLE FORMAT:

GOAL + CV + DV + LOCALE
(QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)
EFFECTS OF ONLINCE QUIZ BEE
APPLICATIONS TO BCS G11
STUDENTS’ FORMATIVE AND
SUMMATIVE TESTS
 CORRELATION BETWEEN
PARENTAL INVOLMENT AND
LEARNERS’ ACADEMIC
SUCCESS
QUALITITATIVE R.

ASSESSEMENT OF BCS JHS

STUDENTS LEVEL OF
SATISFACTION TO THE NEW
MODES OF LEARNING
Purpose of Research
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Research Report
• paper that details the process of
research and includes data collection,
methodology, and results of the study,
among others
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Concept
• is a term that abstractly
describes and names an
object, a phenomenon, or an
idea.
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Examples of concepts include common

demographic measures:
• -Income – P5,000 – P8,000
• Age – 18 y/o – 20 y/o
• Education Level – High School Graduate,
College Graduate, Post Graduate
• Number of Siblings – 3 siblings in the family,
4 or more siblings in the family
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Types of Research Questions

• Conceptual question - Research that answers this kind of

question helps its readers to understand the subject better.
• Practical question - Research that answers this kind of
question offers or gives its readers information on how to
address or fix a problem.
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In summary
• a conceptual question helps you understand
the theory or principles behind a topic, while a
practical question guides you toward finding
solutions or practical advice for a specific
issue.
 Drills

Conceptual Questions vs. Practical Questions

Identify the type of research question. Write C if it is a conceptual
question and P if it is a practical question.

1. What are the factors that lead to the death of a language?

2. How can memes help in expressing one’s self?
3. Which proposal is the best solution in bridging the gender gap?
 Drills

4. How effective are frogs in preventing dengue?

5. How can changing coding schemes help in solving the heavy traffic
situation on EDSA?
6. How does a student’s home environment affect his or her behavior
in school?
7. What influences students’ decision making?
8. How does a growth mindset affect a students’ concept of the self?
9. How do educators perceive social-emotional learning?
10.How can creative journaling help people with trauma?
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Main Approaches to Conducting Research

• Qualitative approach
• main purpose: to understand and interpret social interactions
• focuses on a small group whose subjects are not randomly selected
• data gathering: focus group discussion, interview each participant,
participate or observe in the discussion

• SYSTEMATIC SELECTION (EXAMPLE: ONLY 10 STUDENTS PER SECTIONS

WILL YOU GET ASS YOUR RESPONDENTS)
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• Small amount of participants involved

in a qualitative research study.

• This kind of research method utilizes

interviews, archived written information,
and observations to measure the
significance of a relationship between
variables.
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EXAMPLE

A drug abuser telling you

how they feel about
abusing drugs.
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Main Approaches to Conducting Research

• Quantitative approach/ Method

main purpose: to test hypotheses, analyze causes and
effects, and make predictions

a method that focuses on numbers, objective hard data. It

proves hypotheses by statistical analysis and scientific
method.
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Main Approaches to Conducting Research

• Quantitative approach

randomly selects subjects from a large group

data gathering: surveys (e.g.: online and
paper surveys), telephone interviews, and
online polls
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 Activity
Learn about It2:

• Write five (5) topics or issues you

are curious about (statement form).
Determine which among these
topics would fall under the
qualitative or quantitative approach
when studied.
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EXAMPLE

A drug abuser telling you

how they feel about
abusing drugs.
Variables
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• are any quality of a person, group subject,

event, condition or situation that varies or
takes on different values.

• Examples are age, sex, business income and

expenses, country of birth, capital
expenditure, class grades, eye color and
vehicle type
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Hypothesis
• Hypothesis is a logical supposition, a
reasonable guess, and educated
conjecture. It provides a tentative
explanation of a phenomenon under
investigation
Null Hypothesis (H0) vs Alternative Hypothesis (H1 or
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Ha):

• This hypothesis suggests that there is

no significant relationship or effect
between the variables being studied.

• This hypothesis proposes the existence

of a significant relationship or effect
between the variables.
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Sampling
• it is the process of selecting
participants who are
representatives of a larger
population – gain an understanding
of a larger population
Features of a Research Report
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1.A research report must have a research

question that the research aims to answer.
2.A research report is analytical.
3.A research report always has a thesis
statement.
4.A research report uses formal language.
5.A research report includes sources of
information relevant to the topic.
6.A research report follows a definite format.
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In research…

• Cohesion
the unity of ideas within a paragraph
• Coherence
the flow or connection of ideas from one
sentence to the next
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Importance of Citing Sources

• It allows readers to check your sources if
they want to do further reading on the
topic of your research.
• It teaches you how to give credit to the
authors of the original sources of
information you used in your paper.
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Importance of Citing Sources

• It allows readers to check your sources if
they want to do further reading on the
topic of your research.
• It teaches you how to give credit to the
authors of the original sources of
information you used in your paper.
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What to Cite When Doing Research

Information such as facts or statistics

that are not commonly known

Statements of other persons used in

other published material
 The
Learn Structure
about It of a Research Report
• Title page – contains the title of the research
and the name(s) of the author(s)
• Abstract – a summary of the entire report
• Introduction – sometimes called the
background section provides the foundation
for the paper describes the purpose and
focus of the research and gives an overview
of the content of the other sections of the
paper includes a review of literature.
• Methodology
Learn about It – describes in detail how the
research was conducted
• Results – the key findings about the
research question as well as secondary
findings
• Discussion – answers the research question;
presents the interpretation of the results
• Conclusion – states the researcher’s
speculations, or inferences based on the
interpretation of results; may discuss
recommendations for future researchers
References
Learn about It– listed at the end of the
report and formatted according to the
prescribed style guide (APA style)

Appendix – contains additional

documents that were used in the study