Biodiesel as an alternative fuel

By, SurajSingh Rajput and Somashekhar Mashale

Introduction
Growing

civilization What is Biodiesel? 12% less energy content B factor Can replace petro-diesel with no major adjustments Substantial reductions in unburned hydrocarbons, CO & CO2
Transesterification

Transesterification

After Glycerin removal, the biodiesel just needs to be cleaned/purified before use.

Specifications of the engine used for testing:

Engine

stroke length: 110mm Bore diameter: 80mm No. of cylinders: 1 No. of strokes: 4 Compression ratio: 16.5:1

Comparison
Property Density Cetane value Flash point Fire point Calorific value Petro-diesel 822 kg/m3 50 560 C 620 C 48784 kJ/kg Neem oil 862 kg/m3 51 1800 C 1950 C 36200 kJ/kg

BP v/s A/F
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 BP 1.5 2

petro-diesel 10% 20% 25% 30%

A/F

BP v/s Exhaust gas temperature

Exhaust g temperature as 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 0.5 1 BP 1.5 2

petro-diesel 10% 20% 25% 30%

B v/s V P olum etric E ienc ffic y

7 8 Volum etric Efficiency 7 7 7 6 7 5 7 4 7 3 0 0 .5 1 B P 1 .5 2 P tro-d s l e ie e 1% 0 2% 0 2% 5 3% 0

BP v/s Thermal Efficiency

25 Thermal Efficiency 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.5 1 BP 1.5 2

petro-diesel 10% 20% 25% 30%

BP v/s BSFC
2 1.5 BS FC 1 0.5 0 0 0.5 1 BP 1.5 2

petro-diesel 10% 20% 25% 30%

Advantages
Easy

to use Power, performance and economy Reduced emissions and greenhouse gases Energy balance and energy security Toxicity, biodegradability, safety & recyclable Economic development

Disadvantages
Increased

NOx emissions. Less suitable for use at low temperatures. Reduced fuel economy. Has excellent solvent properties. Increases pressure on the farm lands. Spills of biodiesel can decolorize any painted surface if left for long period.

Applications
As

a fuel for vehicles To supply heat to furnaces Replacement for home heating fuel Paint stripper As a lubricant on a metal lathe Railway engines Aircrafts Commercial boilers

Conclusion
Biodiesel

is eco-friendly The engine used for testing was unaltered Advantageous over the conventional Petro-diesel B10 is relatively a better choice as an alternative for Petro-diesel(100%) Biodiesel is biodegradable, non-toxic and free from lead and sulphur

Suggestions
To

make use of Super Critical Transesterification process, which reduces viscosity of the oil further. To determine the other properties of the biodiesel and its blends like Cetane number, octane number, lubricity, cloud point, pour point, etc. Performance test is to be made with alterations in the engine.

Thank You