Adjoint TM5

Maarten Krol
Peter Bergamaschi, Jan Fokke
Meierink, Henk Eskes, Sander
Houweling
 Why an Adjoint TM5?
• Concentrations on a station depend on
emissions
• Interesting quantity: dM(x,t)/dE(I,J,t’)
– How does a ‘station’ concentration at t changes
as a function of emissions in gridbox (I,J) at
time t’?
– Inverse problem: from measurements M (t) -->
E(I,J,t’)
 Adjoint
• dM(t)/dE(I,J) (constant emissions) can be
calculated with the adjoint in one simulation
• M0 = f(E0(I,J))
• M(t) = M0 + dM(t)/dE(I,J)*(E(I,J)-E0(I,J))
• Only if the system is linear!
• Example: MCF at Finokalia
Finokalia MINOS 2001 measurements

Dirty

Clean
 Finokalia
• Integrations from M(t) back to july, 15.
• Forcing at station rm(I,J,1) = rm(I,J,1) +
forcing (at averaging period t, t+dt)
• Adjoint chemistry
• Adjoint emissions give dM(t)/dE(I,J)
Clean
Dirty
Clean
Dirty
Clean
Dirty
Clean
Dirty
Prior MCF emission distribution
 Procedure
• Minimise

• With
 Posterior MCF emissions:

Negatives

Emissions over sea

penalty if over sea
apri=pland
 Conclusions
• Results sensitive to prior information
• Not surprising: 8 observations <==> 1300
unknowns
• Emissions required: 10-30 gG/year
• How to avoid negatives?
 Next Steps (to be done)
• Prior Information
– non-negative
– full covariance matrix
• Full 4Dvar, starting with obtained solution
as starting guess emissions
• Influence station sampling, BL scheme, ….
• Faster calculations (parallel version?)