NAVIGATION

327
PRELIM WK 1
Capt. Sabino C. Jipos
VOYAGE PLANNING
General Learning Objective:
On completion of the subject, the students
will have a thorough knowledge and
understanding on passage planning from
point of departure to point of termination
( arrival ) whereby it embraces essential
navigational discipline; and it must be
supported, encouraged and applied as part of
the bridge team.
 PASSAGE
PLANNING
AIM: demonstrate to the students or cadets
that passage planning from point of
departure to point of termination ( arrival ) is
an essential navigational discipline and that it
must be supported, encourage and applied as
part of bridge team.
 INTENDED
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
At the end of topics the students must
be able to know:
1. The purpose of voyage planning
2. The essential of voyage planning as part of bridge
team
3. The stages of voyage planning
4. appraisal,execution,planning,monitoring and
process envolves in voyage planning
 Principles of Voyage Planning

Shipping cargo from one port to another

involves coordinated working of several
operations of both land and ship staff. One of
the most integral parts of a shipping
operations is the cargo or voyage planning,
which is mainly undertaken by a
navigational officer of a ship.
 Principles of Voyage Planning
A passage plan is a comprehensive, berth to
berth guide, developed and used by a vessel’s
bridge team to determine the most favourable
route, to identify potential problems or hazards
along the route, and to adopt Bridge
Management Practices to ensure the vessel’s
safe passage.
SOLAS Chapter 5, Annexes 24 & 25 titled
“Voyage Planning” and “Guidelines for voyage
planning” respectively, give specific regulatory
information with regard to the passage plan.
 Principles of Voyage Planning

Passage planning includes a complete

description of the ship’s passage which is
prepared by an experienced deck officer of the
ship. This is done to ensure that the ship
sticks to the required routes for reaching the
port of destination.
While making a passage plan, the officer
must keep in mind that the ship must reach the
destination safe by abiding to both local and
international rules and regulations.
Principles of Voyage Planning
 PASSAGE
PLANNING

PURPOSE: to ensure positive control

over the safe navigation of the ship at
all times.
4 STAGES OF PASSAGE PLANNING :
1. APPRAISAL – collection, confirmation and
validation of relevant information.
2. PLANNING – presentation of the appraisal (raw
data) into information and tactics or strategy to be
used.
3. EXECUTION – tactics and data acquisition,
sampling frequency actually utilized, including if
necessary commentary on tracking control, passage
control and communication control.
4. MONITORING – this is a teamwork effort to ensure
that the plan decided upon is being followed and
executed by full control of the vessel.
 Passage Planning
• Each stage in the passage planning has its own
importance and it is extremely important to carry
out each one of them with utmost care and up-
to-date seamanship to ensure a safe sail.
• In the start, a rough estimate is made of
the whole sailing process. Once the rough
plan is ready, it is further tweaked and
modified/refined considering various
details obtained from charts, pilot book,
weather routing etc. These processes are
carried out throughout the appraisal and
planning stages.
Depending on the nature of a certain vessel’s business or spacial
scope where its business needed it to ply, a voyage can have
three distinct phases.
The phases includes:

• Pilotage
• Coastal
• Ocean

And voyage planning can be further broken into three parts:

• Preparation
• Execution and Monitoring
• Archiving and Documentation
When a vessel is in its passage under pilotage, in creating the
voyage plan certain points are to be considered. These points
include:

• Navigable Limits (Margin of Safety)

• Landmark Identification
• No-Go Areas
• Abort Point
• Point of No Return
• Contingency (Emergency) Anchorage
• Positioning and Cross-checking
• Communication
• Draft Restriction and State of the Tide
• Manning Requirements
• Berthing Arrangement
• Pilotage is the term used to describe the navigation and safe
conduct of ships into and out of harbours. This is achieved
through the activities of licensed mariners known as pilots.
• The purpose of pilotage is to enhance the safety of vessel traffic
and prevent environmental damage generated by vessel traffic.
• Coastal Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for
the purpose of: (a) traversing that sea without entering internal
waters or calling at a roadstead or port facility outside internal
waters
• Ocean Passages supports the planning of deep-sea voyages on
most major routes, with details of weather, currents, ice hazards
and distances between major ports.
When a vessel is relieved from its requirement for the
services of a Pilot (Pilot Off), it may go through either a short
or long stage of coastal navigation. This phase of the voyage
is the Coastal Passage, and it can stretch from several miles
or even to few hundreds of nautical miles. Likewise in this
phase, there are points to be considered.
The points to consider in the Coastal Passage include:

• Distance off coastlines and Dangers

• Parallel Indexing
• Wheel Over Points
• Stream Allowance
• Tidal Window
• Routeing requirements
• Reporting Requirements
• Positioning Availability
 General requirements in Planning a safe
voyage
PASSAGE PLANNING
This process involves :
1. Charts 6. Coastal Tracks

2. Navigational warnings 7. Chart change

3. No-go areas 8. Distance off
4. Margins of safety 9. Regulations
5. Ocean / open water tracks
10. Under keel clearance
11. Currents
12. Course alteration points
13. Parallel indexing
14. Waypoints
15. Position fixing
16. Landfall lights
 *** END OF WEEK 1***

 Thank you!