VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590 018

TECHNICAL SEMINAR (18MES84)

ON

“SELF DRIVING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY GUIDE:
GURURAJ H B Dr.Mohan.T.R M.Tech., Ph.D
USN: 4BD21ME420 Assistant Professor

2023-24
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SHAMANUR ROAD, DAVANGERE – 577004, KARNATAKA
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University)
 CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Literature Survey.
• Types
• Components
• Working
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
Self-driving vehicle technology, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), is
revolutionizing transportation. These vehicles use a combination of sensors,
cameras, radar, and artificial intelligence (AI) to navigate roads without human
intervention. They promise safer roads, reduced traffic congestion, and increased
mobility for people who cannot drive. Major tech companies and automakers are
investing heavily in this technology, aiming to make self-driving cars a common
sight on our roads in the near future.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

Most vehicles manufactured in the last three decades contain software in a myriad of small dedicated
computers known as electronic control units (ECU)4. ECU underpin the operation of many individual
vehicle subsystems [1].
While software in non-self-driving cars (non-SDC) The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) describe
automation on an escalating scale of levels5 from those that assist and enhance safe operation of the
vehicle controlled by the human driver6 at Level 0, through to self-driving cars (SDC) that incorporate
intelligent software capable of fully subsuming the driver’s role in navigation and control in all road,
weather and traffic conditions at Level 5 [2, 3].
The goal to replicate human actions using automated control systems, even in motor vehicles, is not
new [4]. The first autopilot for planes was developed only nine years after the Wright Brothers inaugural
flight at Kitty Hawk and could perform take-off, landing and maintaining cruising altitude [5, 6].
Legislation has acted variously to either accelerate or constrain adoption of ADAS technology. For
example, even though ABS had been installed on select production vehicles since 1971 [7]
 ,
 TYPES
Levels of Automation
Level 0 (No Automation): The human driver performs all driving tasks.
Level 1 (Driver Assistance): The vehicle is controlled by the driver, but some driving
assist features may be included such as steering or acceleration (cruise control)
Level 2 (Partial Automation): The vehicle has combined automated functions like
acceleration and steering, but the driver must remain engaged with the driving task and
monitor the environment at all times.
Level 3 (Conditional Automation): The driver is still necessary, but is not required to
monitor the environment. The driver must be ready to take control when the system
requests.
Level 4 (High Automation): The vehicle can handle all driving tasks in certain conditions
without human intervention, but may be limited to specific areas or conditions.
Level 5 (Full Automation): The vehicle is capable of performing all driving functions
under all conditions. The driver may have the option to control the vehicle, but manual
driving is not required.
 COMPENTS
Raspberry Pi
The below shown image is Raspberry Pi .It enables
people of all ages to explore computing, and to learn
how to Program in languages like Scratch and Python

Ultrasonic Sensor
The figure given below is Ultrasonic sensors. It
measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. The
sensor Heademitsan ultrasonic wave and receives the
wave reflected back from thetarget.

.
LDR Sensor
The figure given below is LDR Sensor. It is basically a
photocell that works on the principle of Photoconductivity.

Vibration Sensor
The Fig(g) is Vibration Sensor. It is a piezoelectric
accelerometer that sense vibration. They are used for
Measuring fluctuating accelerations or speeds or for normal
vibration measurement
Camera
• Logitech c270
• For lane and vehicle detection
• Technical Support
• Max Resolution: 720p/30fps
• Focus type: fixed focus
• Lens technology: standard
• Built-in mic: mono
• FoV: 60°
• Universal clip fits laptops, LCD or monitors
GPS
A GPS navigation system is a GPS receiver designed for a
specific purpose such as a car-based or hand-held Device or a
smartphone app. The global positioning system (GPS) is a 24-
satellite navigation system that uses Multiple satellite signals
to find a receiver’s position on earth.

Gyroscope
A device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and
angular velocity.
Motor Drivers
The figure given below is Motor drives.It is used for motor
interfacing. These drive circuits can be easily Interfaced with
the motor and their selection depends upon the type of motor
being used and their ratings(Current, )

DC Motor
The figure given below is DC Motor.It is used for speed and
direction.
 WORKING
• Self-driving cars are equipped with a variety of sensors that help them
perceive the environment around them. These sensors include
• Provide visual information similar to the human eye, useful for detecting road
markings, signs, and traffic lights.
• Emits light pulses to measure distances to objects around the vehicle, creating
a precise 3D map of the vehicle’s surroundings.
• Uses radio waves to detect objects and calculate their speed and distance from
the vehicle.
• Often used at lower speeds to detect objects close to the vehicle, particularly
useful for parking.
• Useful for detecting and measuring heat signatures, particularly in low-
visibility conditions.
 ADVANTAGES
1. Increased Safety
2. Efficiency and Traffic Management
3. Mobility for All
4. Reduced Parking Needs
5. Productivity
 DISADVANTAGES
• 1.High Cost
• 2.Technological Reliability
• 3. Job Displacement
• 4. Legal and Ethical Issues
• 5. Security Risks
• 6. Infrastructure Need
• 7. Privacy Concerns
 APPLICATIONS
1. Intelligent Transporting
2. Military Application
3. Transportation in hazardous place
4. Shipping
5. Taxi Services
6. Public Transportation
 CONCLUSION
This system is work perfect in the simulated environment like Carla but face some
difficulties in the New environment. All the sensor work according to requirement
and stop where it needed. This system Will forcefully stop at the some unfamiliar
situations like image resolutions is not cleared or person on The way. The Car
fatalities will not occurred because of working algorithm. Path prediction is done
by Kalman Filter and based on that further path is decided. Light and brightness of
the surrounding is affect Driving because of Camera. So to get good performance
high quality Camera is required. Computation Power is also limited therefore delay
can easily noticed. This can be solved using powerful mobile Computation devices
such as Jetson, but it is costly
THANK YOU