Living in the

Information Technology
Era

President Ramon Magsaysay State University Computer Engineering Department

 Lesson 8
Internet of Things
What is IoT ?
Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of devices connected
to the Internet with the ability to collect and exchange
data from users or environment with no human
intervention.
The device or the 'thing' in IoT could be any device
embedded with electronics, software and sensor like a
smart refrigerator, a smart air conditioner, lights in
household, connected security systems or even a person
with a heart monitor or an automobile.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo

Why IoT?
• We are lazy
• We want to automate everything
• We want to control everything remotely
• We want to see data in real-time
About
Sensors are fitted everywhere across every devices
collecting real-time data consistently.
Every device has its unique id which makes the
communication possible among them.
GEE 4 Living in the IT Era
• Tons of data are collected from devices all over the
world.
• Where could we store this huge sum of data?
• The answer is "Cloud".
• Next part is "Analytics“
The data collected from devices is quite large and
complex that becomes difficult to analyze using
traditional data processing techniques, we call those
data "Big Data“
• Analytics deals with the extraction of meaningful
information from big data.
• Organizations apply analytics to business data to
describe, predict, and improve business performance.
By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 4
IoT Through the Years
1990: John Romkey creates the first IoT device: a toaster 2016: The Mirai botnet infects over 600,000 IoT devices
that he controls with his computer with malware
1999: Kevin Ashton coins the term “internet of things” to 2020: The number of internet-connected devices, by
describe the eyes and ears of a computer some estimates, exceeds 20 billion
2000: LG introduces its first connected refrigerator with
a $20,000 price tag
2008: The world’s first IoT conference is held in Zurich,
Switzerland
2010: Tony Fadell founds Nest, maker of the smart
thermostat
2013: Oxford Dictionary adds the term “internet of
things”
2014: Amazon introduces the Echo speaker, along with
the Alexa voice assistant—a new way to

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 5

Application
Building and Home Automation
Environment Monitoring
Medical and Healthcare System
Smart Transportation
Smart Manufacturing
Energy Source Management

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 6

Challenges
Sensing a complex environment Security
Innovative ways to sense and deliver information from Protecting user's privacy, manufacturer's IP and blocking
physical world to the malicious
cloud. activity.
Connectivity Complexity
Variety of wired and wireless standards are required to IoT application development needs to be easy for all
enable different application needs. developers not just to experts.
Power Cloud
Many IoT applications need to run for years over battery IoT applications require end-to-end solutions including
and reduce the overall energy consumption. cloud services.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 7

How IoT works
• It consists of all the web-enabled devices that collect,
send and act on data they acquire from their
surrounding environments using embedded sensors,
processors and communication hardware.
• These smart devices can sometimes talk to other
related devices, a process called machine-to-machine
(M2M) communication.
• They act on the information they get from one
another.
• Humans can interact with the gadgets to set them up,
give them instructions or access the data, but the
devices do most of the work on their own without
human intervention.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo

How IoT works

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 9

Why IoT is important
The internet of things helps people live and work
smarter, as well as gain complete control over their lives.
In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes,
IoT is essential to business. IoT provides businesses with
a real-time look into how their systems really work,
delivering insights into everything from the performance
of machines to supply chain and logistics operations.
IoT enables companies to automate processes and
reduce labor costs. It also cuts down on waste and
improves service delivery, making it less expensive to
manufacture and deliver goods, as well as offering
transparency into customer transactions.
As such, IoT is one of the most important technologies of
everyday life, and it will continue to pick up steam as
more businesses realize the potential of connected
devices to keep them competitive.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 10

How Does This Impact You?
IoT has changed the way we carry out simple tasks, and
it has made our lives convenient since we can control
Stores could then push suggestions to add food and
devices around us by the touch of a screen on our
different things, considering previous purchases and
smartphones. Before IoT, people would physically get up
average purchasing patterns. When strolling through the
to do things around the house, such as turn on the water
supermarket, reminders will get sent to your
heater or turn the lights on.
smartphone to ensure you never need to make that
IoT also includes mobile devices; since they can second trip back to the store.
communicate with others and manage data, it is a device
Using IoT can decimate costs for firms that are operating
everywhere. Everyone carries a smartphone all day. You
in the economy. Organizations use IoT for innovative
can control objects using a mobile device.
management and for observing scattered data. Thus,
Today, you can get brilliant smart refrigerators with work- they can handle the latter from far-off places as they
in cameras, so you can look at their substance while you feed data into applications and information stockpiling
are shopping. In the future, you will see fridges that (data storage).
detect you are coming up short on supplies and send an
essential food rundown to your cell phone.
production.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 11

How Does This Impact You?
IoT gives the benefit of realizing things ahead of time.
Because of the minimal expense of IoT, it is now possible
to screen and manage previously inaccessible activities.
The monetary aspect is the best benefit since this
innovation could replace people responsible for
observing and keeping up with provisions. Therefore,
expenses can essentially decrease and get optimized. IoT
likewise makes it conceivable to gain new bits of
knowledge. For example, they are associating the climate
impact with mechanical

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 12

IoT benefits to organizations
The internet of things offers several benefits to
organizations. Some benefits are industry-specific, and
some are applicable across multiple industries. Some of
the common benefits of IoT enable businesses to:
• monitor their overall business processes;
• improve the customer experience;
• save time and money;
• enhance employee productivity;
• integrate and adapt business models;
• make better business decisions; and
• generate more revenue.
IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they
approach their businesses and gives them the tools to
improve their business strategies.
GEE 4 Living in the IT Era
Generally, IoT is most abundant in manufacturing,
transportation and utility organizations, making use of
sensors and other IoT devices; however, it has also found
use cases for organizations within the agriculture,
infrastructure and home automation industries, leading
some organizations toward digital transformation.
IoT can benefit farmers in agriculture by making their job
easier. Sensors can collect data on rainfall, humidity,
temperature and soil content, as well as other factors,
that would help automate farming techniques.
The ability to monitor operations surrounding
infrastructure is also a factor that IoT can help with.
Sensors, for example, could be used to monitor events or
changes within structural buildings, bridges and other
infrastructure. This brings benefits with it, such as cost
saving, saved time, quality-of-life workflow changes and
paperless workflow.
By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 13
Pros and cons of IoT
Advantages of IoT Disadvantages of IoT
• Ability to access information from anywhere at any • As the number of connected devices increases and
time on any device; more information is shared between
• Improved communication between connected • Devices, the potential that a hacker could steal
electronic devices; confidential information also increases.
• Transferring data packets over a connected network • Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive
saving time and money; and numbers -- maybe even millions -- of
• Automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a • Iot devices, and collecting and managing the data
business's services and reducing the from all those devices will be challenging.
• Need for human intervention. • If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every
connected device will become corrupted.
• Since there's no international standard of
compatibility for iot, it's difficult for devices from
• Different manufacturers to communicate with each
other.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 14

Security and Privacy Challenges for IoT
Four New IoT Challenges for Privacy and Security
1. Intimacy of Devices and Data
• Fun Facts about Millennials
- 83% sleep with their phones
- 90% check first thing in morning
- 1 in 3 use in bathroom
• Out smartphone already know:
- Who we know, where to go, what we like
• Will only became more intimate with IoT
- This means new kinds of intrusive ads, data
breaches accidental data sharing,
GEE 4 Living in the IT Era
2. Physical Safety
• Today, main problem is data breaches
• Tomorrow, huge potential for many nasty scenarios
• Many new kinds of ransomware we haven't
imagined yet
- Malware that locks people out of their houses
- Malware that turns off thermostats in winter
• Holding people and society virtually hostage
- Autonomous drones or vehicles deliberately
crashing into things
- Implanted medical devices giving or receiving
fake data
By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 15
Security and Privacy Challenges for IoT
3. Awareness of Devices 4. Complexity and Scale
• A device that will warn the operator that he or she is Lots of unexpected and emergent behaviour
approaching the point of operation.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 16

Security and Privacy Challenges for IoT
How to Address These Privacy and Security Issues?
• Better technical approaches
• Operating systems, networking, programming
languages
• Better UX design
• Better disclosures, awareness of devices,
controls, decision makin
• Better developer support
• Most developers are C students
• Tools, education, best practices for privacy and
security Better laws, policies, and standards
• Better laws, policies, and standards
• Mandatory cybersecurity insurance for
manufacturers
• Tools to help policy makers, journalists, product
reviewers
GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 17
Future of IoT
Top IoT Trends For 2020
Increased Conversion of Smart Cities
With the help of lot, smart cities will be expanding their
reach far and wide in 2020. Smart homes will soon
become the preferred choice due to the integration of
security systems into newer homes.
Blockchain
Spending in the blockchain lot sphere is expected to
increase from $174 million today to $573 million till
2023.
Sensor Innovation
Sensors are a significant structure square of lot
frameworks as they help collect information about
vibrations and weight or temperature and humidity.
GEE 4 Living in the IT Era
Artificial Intelligence
As predicted by Gartner, the research and advisory firm,
14.2 billion connected things will be used between 2019
and 2020. CIO must also devise a plan to integrate Al
with IoT.
IoT Metadata Will Become Important
Metadata will help bring structure to unstructured data
sets and will also help bring improvements in the way
cognitive systems are developed.
Healthcare to Witness Increased loT Adoption
As per a research report, by 2021, the internet of
medical things will grow at a compounded annual
growth rate of 26.2% and reach $72,000 million.
By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 18
Internet of Things trends that are ruling in 2020
IoT Security
Due to increased number of connected devices. With
more and more devices communicating and sharing data
with each other, the network would expand beyond
boundaries making the data vulnerable to hacks.
Software breaches, information leaks, and data probing
would necessitate the need of embedding security
within the infrastructure and so, lot security is a major
trend now, the organization needs to keep in the loop to
safeguard their customer's data.
Smart Cities
Smart homes, smartphones and now, smart cities.
Exciting right? The concept has already penetrated
within the industry. Industries that are working on this
idea plan to induce lot based parking systems, integrate
loT based sensors to monitor traffic and added utilities.
organization.
GEE 4 Living in the IT Era
IoT in Healthcare
By far, this is one of those sectors that has witnessed
tremendous advantage after the implementation of lot
based devices. From wearables to sensor-based health
monitors, medical devices and portable pieces of
equipment, loT has transformed the healthcare sector.
Data Collection Powered By Al
We are well aware of the fact that loT promotes
connecting an array of devices which in turn share huge
amounts of data. Artificial Intelligence applications are
being used worldwide. Now given the total number of
connected devices, it would not be wrong to state such
data in entirety would transform the entire decision-
making process of the
By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 19
Internet of Things trends that are ruling in 2021
Flying Cars
Flying cars is all about connectivity. The fact that these
can be remotely controlled, thanks to the lot embedded
tools, flying cars is no more a science fiction, instead of
an eye captivating reality.
Smart Shoes
When you can have smarter watches, why not shoes?
Smart shoes are embedded with RFID tags that ease the
task of the manager to monitor and track the flow of
inventory. Also, it helps marketers keep track of the
movement of the customers, collect data and likewise,
enhance their services, making them customer-
oriented.
GEE 4 Living in the IT Era
IoT In Manufacturing
Smart factories! Warehouses or the manufacturing units
would have sensors installed that can map the needs of
the items, for instance, items that are temperature
specific, the sensors would keep track of the outside and
internal temperature and notify the manager about
glitches. This helps prevents the occurrence of faults or
damages, enhancing overall productivity.
Self Driving Cars
Autonomous cars are expected to wave off the
traditional form of driving. Also regarded as self-driving
or driverless cars, lot in the automobile sector is all set to
transform the way people commute, adding mobility and
round the clock flexibility.
By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 20
Internet of Things trends that are ruling in 2021
Voice Assistants
Dealing with customers, adhering to the request and
addressing their issues is the key to success for any
business organization. Where a manual workforce is
limited by time and restricted in efforts, organization_

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 21

Internet of Things: Future Vision
Map
Advances to the industrial internet will be accelerated
through increased network agility, integrated artificial
intelligence (AI) and the capacity to deploy, automate,
orchestrate and secure diverse use cases at hyper- scale.
Road
The potential is not just in enabling billions of devices
simultaneously but leveraging the huge volumes of
actionable data which can automate diverse business
processes.
Mountain
As networks and loT platforms evolve to overcome these
challenges, through increased capacity and Al, service
providers will edge furthermore into IT and web scale
markets - opening entire new streams of revenue.

GEE 4 Living in the IT Era By: Engr. Froilan G. Cantillo 22

End of Lesson 8
Any Questions?

23