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Physiology 6
Physiology 6
Physiology 6
1
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم
2
CONTRACTION OF -6
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Skeletal muscle
Sequential steps 2
1. Action potential travels along
nerve
3
2. Nerve Endings acetylcholine 4
3. In muscle fiber AC gated channels
4. Voltage gated Na+ channels
5
5. Action potential travels along
muscle fiber
6. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca++
7. Actin & Myosin slide alongside
6. SR Ca++
8. Ca++ pump back to SR
contraction ceases
…MOLECULAR MECHANISM
Myosin filament = ?multiple Myosin
molecules
2 heavy chains & 4 light chains Myosin
molecule
Myosin head ATPase enzyme
Actin Filaments = Actin +
Tropomysosin + Troponin
Troponin
Troponin I Actin
Myosin
Troponin T Tropomyosin
filament
Troponin C Ca = contraction
Muscle Contraction
actin
Ca myosin
1 myosin filament + 2 actin
filaments + Ca ions = contraction actin
Rest Inhibition of Actin
Filament by Troponin-Tropomyosin
complex
Activation of Actin filament by Ca
ions
Activated Actin Filament + Myosin
cross-bridges = Walk Along
ATP
ATP source of contraction
Fenn
effect: high
work
high ATP
cleaved
…POINTS
The amount of actin and myosin
filament overlap determines
tension developed by the
contracting muscle
Weight
increased
Constant weight
…Continued
Mechanics Of Skeletal Muscle
Contraction
Motor Unit single nerve fiber + all
innervated muscle fibers
Force summation increase
overall intensity of muscle
1. Increasing the number of motor units
2. Increasing contraction Frequency
tetanization
…Continued
staircase effect (treppe) = strength
in increased because increasing Ca
in cytosol
Muscle tone = low rate of impulses
during rest low rate of nerve
impulses
Muscle Fatigue =prolong and long
contractions depletion of muscle
glycogen 5 Increase Ca++
4 in cytosol
3
2
1
After long rest
Muscle strength
REMODELING OF MUSCLE TO MATCH
FUNCTION
Remodeling change in diameter, length,
strength and vascularity to match the function
Hypertrophy = total mass increased actin
& myosin fibers in each muscle fiber and
contractile proteins
Atrophy = unused muscle > degradation of
contractile proteins
Proteosomes (lysosomes) proteolysis
Increasing length increasing sarcomeres
Hyperplasia of muscle fibers fibers
Denervation of muscle rapid atrophy
Clinical points