DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

IN ANALYSIS OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGES

Prof. Aleš Procházka

Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague
Department of Computing and Control Engineering
Digital Signal and Image Processing Research Group
1. INTRODUCTION

MOTIVATION OF THE DSP RESEARCH GROUP

INTEGRATION ROLE OF SIGNAL
AND IMAGE PROCESSING IN
THE FRAME OF INFORMATION
ENGINEERING

 Interdisciplinary area connecting

mathematics and engineering:
control, measuring engineering, vision, speech processing,
biomedicine, environmental engineering …

 Fundament for data acquisition, system identification

and modelling, signal de-noising, feature extraction,
segmentation, classification, compression, prediction, …

 Similar mathematical background based on methods of

time-frequency and time-scale analysis in different areas
2. APPLICATIONS

INTERESTS OF DSP RESEARCH GROUP

Signal Prediction
Environmental Engineering

Biomedical Image Analysis

Remote Data Processing

3. TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM IN RESOLUTION
ENHANCEMENT

1-D DFT 2-D DFT

for k=0,1,…,N/2 – 1 and f(k)=k/N for k=0,1,…,N/2 – 1, l= 0,1,…,M/2 – 1

and f1(k)=k/N , f2(l)=l/M
4. TIME-SCALE ANALYSIS
WAVELET TRANSFORM IN SIGNAL PARTS DETECTION

 Initial wavelet defined either in the

analytical form or by a dilation equation
 Dilation and translation
coefficients: a=2^m, b=k 2^m
 Initial wavelet is a pass-band filter
 Wavelet dilation corresponds
to its pass-band compression
5. DENOISING OF SIGNAL / IMAGE COMPONENTS
WAVELET TRANSFORM IN IMAGE DENOISING
ALGORITHM
 Decomposition stage: – convolution of a given signal and the filter
– downsampling by D
 Coefficients - by rows and columns
thresholding 1 t  b
ha , b(t )  h( )
a a Magnetic resonance image

 Reconstruction stage:
– row upsampling by
factor U and
row convolution
– sum of the
corresponding
images
– column upsampling
by factor U and
column convolution
6. MR IMAGE RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT
WAVELET TRANSFORM IN IMAGE RESOLUTION
ENHANCEMENT
I. Image Resolution Enhancement using DFT
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
IMAGES OF A HUMAN
BRAIN
 Original resolution:
512 x 512 pixels
 Resolution enhancement:
1024 x 1024 pixels

II. Image Resolution Enhancement using DWT

CONCLUSIONS
 DFT: the structures and
edges are very smooth
 DWT: sharper edges
obtained
 DFT and DWT:
various methods to
enhance the resolution
can be applied
7. IMAGE RESTORATION

METHODS OF IMAGE COMPONENTS RESTORATION

METHODS
 Detection of features of missing regions and their replacement by the
most similar ones
 Multidirectional
prediction of
missing image
parts
 Multidemensional
cubic and spline
interpolation
 Iterated wavelet
interpolation
8. ITERATED WAVELET TRANSFORM IN IMAGE RESTORATION

WAVELET TRANSFORM IN ITERATED INTERPOLATION

ALGORITHM
 Image decomposition
into a selected level
 Wavelet coefficients
thresholding
 Image reconstruction
 Replacement of values
outside regions of
interest by original
values
 The next iteration of
image decomposition
9. IMAGE SEGMENTATION

WATERSHED TRANSFORM IN IMAGE SEGMENTATION

ALGORITHM
 Image thresholding and denoising
 Distance and watershed transform use
 Extraction of individual segments
 Analysis of image components
boundary signals and texture
10. FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION

RADON TRANSFORM IN ROTATION INVARIANT TEXTURE

FEATURES ESTIMATION

ALOGORITHM
 Radon transform use for conversion
of
rotation to translation
 Translation invariant
wavelet transform
use for feature
estimation
 Classification by
neural networks
11. FEATURE BASED SEGMENTATION

FEATURE BASED BIOMEDICAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION

PRINCIPLE
 Each root pixel of the original image is associated with its feature
derived from its neighbourhood
 Pixels are individually classified into selected number of levels
12. CONCLUSION

COLLABORATION
 European Association for Signal and Image Processing
 IEE London, IEEE
 University of Cambridge, Brunel University, UK
 University Las Palmas, Spain

SELECTED PAPERS
 A. Procházka, I. Šindelářová, and J. Ptáček. Image De-noising and
Restoration using Wavelet Transform . In European Control Conference
ECC 2003 Conference Papers, Cambridge, UK, 2003.
 A. Procházka and J. Ptácek. Wavelet Transform Application in
Biomedical Image Recovery and Enhancement . In P. of 8th Multi-Conf.
Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatic, Orlando, USA, 2004
 A. Procházka, A. Gavlasova, M. Mudrova. Rotation Invariant
Biomedical Object Recognition. In Proc. of the EUSIPCO Conf.,
EURASIP, Italy, 2006
 Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague
Research Group of Digital Signal and Image Processing

http: // dsp.vscht.cz