Anchorage

WELLHEAD PRESENTATION
 Flanged & Independent
• Features:
Screwed Wellheads
– Wellhead supports
suspended casing strings
– Provides a connection
point for the pressure
control equipment
– Contains well pressure
– Allows access into the
production and annulus
bores
 17 FEET

Equipment Orientation
16 FEET

3-1/16" 10M

• Most Production
15 FEET

Wells consist of two

14 FEET

major groups of
equipment. 13 FEET

12 FEET
1-13/16" 10M 1-13/16" 10M

• The Production or
11 FEET
3-1/16" 10M

Injection Tree 3-1/16" 15M

10 FEET

9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

and 8 FEET

11" 10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
7 FEET

• The Wellhead
6 FEET
Christmas Tree
17 FEET

Assembly 16 FEET

3-1/16" 10M

15 FEET

The Christmas tree is a series of

valves and choke (s) that
14 FEETcontrol

the flow of the well.

13 FEET
Valves are to be used only fully
opened or fully closed.
12 FEET
1-13/16" 10M 1-13/16" 10M
Valves should NOT be used to
regulate the well flow. 11 FEET 3-1/16" 10M
3-1/16" 15M

10 FEET

9 FEET

Production chokes have hardened 3-1/16" 15M

trim and are used to regulate

8 FEET the
well flow and will usually not have 11" 10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
a positive seal like valves
7 FEET do.

6 FEET
Wellhead Assembly
9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

8 FEET

• The wellhead assembly is a group of 11”

11"15M
10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
pressure containing components that
7 FEET
provides a means of well control during
the drilling operation.
6 FEET

• 1-13/16"
15M 10M
It supports and seals the strings of casing 13-5/8”

or tubing suspended within them. Ground Level 13-5/8" 10M

5 FEET S-11 Casing Spool

• The complexity of the assembly is

determined by the depth 4to FEET
which the well
is drilled, the pressures anticipated at that
depth and the nature of fluids
3 FEET
and/or 1-13/16" 10M
16-3/4" 5M
gases which will be produced. S-11 Casing Head

2 FEET

1 FOOT
2-1/16" 5M

DATUM

Casing Hanger Casing Han

16" Casing
Design As Planned Contingent
11-7/8" Casing
9-5/8" Casing
3-1/2" Tubing
Wellhead
9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

Terminology
8 FEET
11”
11"15M
10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
7 FEET

6 FEET
1-13/16"
13-5/8” 15M 10M
Ground Level 13-5/8" 10M
5 FEET S-11 Casing Spool

4 FEET

• A-section 3 FEET
1-13/16" 10M
16-3/4" 5M
– Lowermost Casing S-11 Casing Head

Head 2 FEET

– Casing Housing
– Bradenhead1 FOOT
2-1/16" 5M

DATUM

Casing Hanger Casing Han

16" Casing
Design As Planned Contingent
11-7/8" Casing
9-5/8" Casing
3-1/2" Tubing
Wellhead
9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

Terminology
8 FEET
11”
11"15M
10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
7 FEET

6 FEET
1-13/16"
13-5/8” 15M 10M

• B-section 5 FEET
Ground Level 13-5/8" 10M
S-11 Casing Spool

– Intermediate Head
– Casing Spool4 FEET

1-13/16" 10M
3 FEET
16-3/4" 5M
S-11 Casing Head

2 FEET

1 FOOT
2-1/16" 5M

DATUM

Casing Hanger Casing Han

16" Casing
Design As Planned Contingent
11-7/8" Casing
9-5/8" Casing
3-1/2" Tubing
 9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

8 FEET
11”
11"15M
10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
C-section 7 FEET

– Tubing Spool
– Tubing Head 6 FEET
1-13/16"
13-5/8” 15M 10M
Ground Level 13-5/8" 10M
5 FEET S-11 Casing Spool

4 FEET

1-13/16" 10M
3 FEET
16-3/4" 5M
S-11 Casing Head

2 FEET

Wellhead
1 FOOT
2-1/16" 5M

DATUM

Terminology Casing Hanger

Design As Planned
16" Casing
11-7/8" Casing
9-5/8" Casing
Casing Han
Contingent

3-1/2" Tubing
• Seal Flange 9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

– Tubing Head Adapter

8 FEET

– Bonnet 11”
11"15M
10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
– Adapter Flange
7 FEET

6 FEET
1-13/16"
13-5/8” 15M 10M
Ground Level 13-5/8" 10M
5 FEET S-11 Casing Spool

4 FEET

1-13/16" 10M
3 FEET
16-3/4" 5M
S-11 Casing Head

2 FEET

Wellhead
1 FOOT
2-1/16" 5M

DATUM

Terminology Casing Hanger

Design As Planned
16" Casing
11-7/8" Casing
9-5/8" Casing
Casing Han
Contingent

3-1/2" Tubing
 Wellhead Assembly
9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

8 FEET
11”
11"15M
10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
• Tubing Hangers are usually a
7 FEET

mandrel (threaded) type of hanger

6 FEET

• Casing hangers may be mandrel as 1-13/16"

13-5/8” 15M 10M
shown on the left side of the Ground Level 13-5/8" 10M
5 FEET S-11 Casing Spool
drawing.

• Or 4 FEET

1-13/16" 10M
3 FEET
16-3/4" 5M
S-11 Casing Head

2 FEET

1 FOOT
2-1/16" 5M

DATUM

Casing Hanger Casing Han

16" Casing
Design As Planned Contingent
11-7/8" Casing
9-5/8" Casing
3-1/2" Tubing
Wellhead Assembly
9 FEET
3-1/16" 15M

8 FEET
11”
11"15M
10M
MTBS Tubing Spool
7 FEET

6 FEET
1-13/16"
13-5/8” 15M 10M
Ground Level 13-5/8" 10M
5 FEET S-11 Casing Spool

4 FEET

• Slip type casing hangers as shown 1-13/16" 10M

3 FEET
on the right side of the drawing 16-3/4" 5M
S-11 Casing Head

2 FEET

1 FOOT
2-1/16" 5M

DATUM

Casing Hanger Casing Han

16" Casing
Design As Planned Contingent
11-7/8" Casing
9-5/8" Casing
3-1/2" Tubing
Seals on the casing and tubing hangers
isolate pressures from one size casing to
the next.
These seals are either interference fit or
mechanically energized.
Interference means the I.D. of the profile
and the O.D. of the hanger or pack-off are
so close that the interference fit seal makes
up the difference in the two dimensions and
creates the seal.
One example is an o-ring. No other action
needed to make the seal work other than
putting the components together.
Once this type of seal has been installed
and the wellhead put together, there is no
way to re-energize it. Replacement is the
only way to correctly reenergize a failed
interference fit seal.
If not interference fit the seal must be
energized by a mechanical means.
A mechanical energized seal is in a relaxed
position until an outside source acts upon it
to activate the seal.
Some examples are:
The Cameron and WKM “P” or the McEvoy
“Y” type seals.
These seals must have a packing injected
behind the seal to force it around the
hanger neck or casing stub.
Lock-screw energized seals require you to
rotate and run in locking type screws to
squeeze the seal between the I. D. of the
wellhead and the O.D. of the casing or
casing hanger.
Torque may be as high as 600 ft. lbs. to be
able to achieve the needed test.
The Type ‘N’ Lockscrew Assembly is the preferred lock-screw and is used
in all Cameron wellhead assemblies where lock-screws are utilized
Packing Gland Nut

Oil Seal

Lockscrew

Spacer Ring

Design Features: Packing Location and Configuration

The packing is located between the bore of the wellhead and all
C1886
lock-screw assembly threads. This isolates the threads from
wellbore contamination. There is also an external oil seal that
protects the threads from atmospheric conditions.
The ‘N’ lock-screw is also available with Graphite Metal End Cap
(MEC) Seal in 10,000 psi working pressure and above and
certain services.
The McEvoy & WKM Lockscrew Assemblies
are available as replacement parts for wellhead assemblies
still equipped with these lock-screws. They are utilized for
wear bushing and casing/tubing hanger retention.

Design Features:

Lock-screw Assembly Configuration

The wellhead is designed with internal threads for the lock-
screw and the packing
C2574 gland nut. The packing is captured
and protected from extrusion and most well bore
contamination by junk rings from in front and behind.
These lock-screws are available in all working
pressures and services..
The Cameron standard injection port for pressure ratings up to 15,000 psi
working pressure consists of a ½” internal check valve and 1” hex head pipe
plug. For 20,000 psi working pressure and above Cameron utilizes the ½”
internal check valve and a 1-1/8” Autoclave plug and gland combination. It is
used for the injection of plastic energized seals, such as the P seal and is
typically arranged with two ports for the same seal located 180° apart.

1/2" Internal Check with 1" Pipe Plug

The Cameron standard injection port for pressure ratings up to 15,000 psi
working pressure consists of a ½” internal check valve and 1” hex head pipe
plug

1/2" Internal Check with 1" Pipe Plug

The ½” Test Port incorporates the use of a ¼” internal check valve and ½” hex
head pipe plug. This port is still found in many wellhead components in the
field. It was utilized a the test port for working pressure connection up to
10,000 psi.

1/4" Internal Check with 1/2" Pipe Plug

NOTE: A optional tool
is available to allow
residual test pressure,
trapped behind the ¼”
check valve during
testing operations, to
be vented
C3621
The McEvoy Bleeder Screw incorporates a metal nose seal and is
typically used in conjunction with seal energizing and testing ports. The
Bleeder Screw incorporates a slot through the Hex Head and threads to
allow fluid or plastic to pass ensuring an air free cavity. The Screw may
be loosened one full turn to break the metal nose seal thus allowing the
migration of either plastic or test fluid, as the case may be. Once a
continuous, air free stream is achieved, retighten the Bleeder Screw to
effect a metal seal.

C3619
The ½” Body Grease Fitting was the
standard test fitting for the Ingram
Cactus wellhead product line and is
still found in most Ingram Cactus
Heads and Spool that are still in
service today. It is still used as the
body and bonnet fitting in the
Cameron, Ingram Cactus and WKM
gate valve lines. The fitting
incorporates a spring loaded, one
way ball check which provides a
positive seal against pressure from
within the component it is installed.
Body Greese Fitting
A vented cap also provides a metal,
(Also Refered to as Alemite Fitting)
cone style backup seal

Body Grease Fitting with Bleeder Tool Attached

 Summary
• Wellhead - an arrangement of pressure containing housings and
spools, connected together in a pressure-tight assembly supporting
multiple, concentric strings of down-hole casing.
• Casing Hangers - the head of the casing string landed in a housing
bowl to support the weight of string and seal off the annulus. Seal
energized by string weight, lock-down screws or manually torquing up
energizing screws.
• Tubing Hangers - the head of the tubing to support the tubing weight,
seal off from the annulus and allow down hole conduits to penetrate the
hanger.
• Christmas Tree - an assembly of valves, flanges, crosses, tees and
chokes to control flow from (or into) a well.
• Chokes - a restriction in the flowline to control flow rate and pressure of
the well.
• Actuators - pneumatic or hydraulic actuated devices to remotely close
in a valve.