LITERATURE REVIEW

(HOW TO START?)
TS DR AINI NAZURA PAIMIN
FACULTY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
UTHM
WHAT HAVE BEEN DONE?
• Students already develop a summary of the literature in the area of
study.
WHY LR IS IMPORTANT?
The literature review accomplishes several important things.
1. It relates a study to the larger, ongoing dialogue in the
literature about a topic, filling in gaps and extending prior studies
(Marshall & Rossman, 1989). – LEADING TO RESEARCH QUESTIONS & GAPS
2. It shares with the reader the results of other studies that are
closely related to the study being reported (Fraenkel & Wallen, 1990).
– LEADING TO CONCLUSIONS

3. It provides a framework for establishing the importance of the

study, as well as a benchmark for comparing the results of a study with
other findings.- – LEADING TO NEW/ADAPTED THEORY/MODEL
LR : LEADING TO RESEARCH QUESTIONS &
GAPS
Posit your own research
E.g., There is a need to conduct this study since
Previous research on the topic previous studies only provide limited information
on…
A
B
Creates a space for
Comparison of findings your research
(agreement/disagreement) D E E.g., Most studies have been
C conducted in the Westener’s
context
Contribution of the research
Limitations of the research Justify your topic &
Gap(s) in the research
methodology
E.g., This research is seen relevant because…

RESEARCH QUESTIONS & GAPS

(Links to Research questions and Problem Statement in Chapter 1
LR : LEADING TO CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATIONS
Previous research on the topic
Comparison of findings
(agreement/disagreement)
Contribution of the research
Limitations of the research
Gap(s) in the research
CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
Critical overview of research on the
topic
E.g., Allan (2020) studies, even though,
involves large sample size, only limited
to engineering students only.
Provide information and
supported conclusion
E.g., Findings of Ahmad(2019)
study supports the ARCS model
which…..
LR : LEADING TO NEW/ADAPTED MODEL-THEORY
Critical overview of theoretical
models and new research on topic
Previous research on the topic

Comparison of findings
(agreement/disagreement)

Contribution of the research Situates and justifies

Limitations of the research
new/adapted model
Gap(s) in the research

NEW/ADAPTED MODEL-THEORY OR FRAMEWORK

(Links to Conceptual or Theoretical Framework in Chapter 1)
HOW TO ORGANISE YOUR LR?
A literature review is organised
• STEP 1 : Find key themes or findings
• STEP 2: Arranged in headings and sub-headings as an argument
that flows information from various sources is
• STEP 3 : Synthesised to form a coherent argument
STEP 1: FIND KEY THEMES OR FINDINGS

• Use the key word from your research title

• Research Context
• Any relevant theory/model
• Independent variables Manipulative
Self-efficacy
Skills
• Dependant variables
• Example:
TAJUK : HUBUNGAN EFIKASI KENDIRI (IV) DAN PENGUASAAN
KEMAHIRAN MANIPULATIF (DV) DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR KKTM SRI
GADING (CONTEXT)
STEP 2: ARRANGE IN HEADINGS AND SUB-
HEADINGS
TAJUK : HUBUNGAN EFIKASI KENDIRI (IV) DAN PENGUASAAN KEMAHIRAN
MANIPULATIF (DV) DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR KKTM SRI GADING (CONTEXT)
Headings Sub - headings
2.1 KKTM Sri Gading • Latarbelakang/Sejarah KKTM Sri Gading (2.1.1)
• Program-program ditawarkan (2.1.2)
(context)
• Penilaian Prestasi Akademik (2.1.3)
2.2 Teori-teori Domain
Psikomotor • Domain Psikomotor Simpson (1972) (2.2.1)
(theory/model) • Domain Psikomotor Ferries and Aziz (2005) (2.2.2)

2.3 Kemahiran Manipulatif • Konsep Kemahiran Manipulatif

• Jenis-jenis kemahiran manipulatif
(DV)
• Kemahiran manipulatif dalam Proses PdPc
• Konsep Efikasi Kendiri
2.4 Efikasi Kendiri • Teori Efikasi Kendiri Bandura
(IV) • Hubungan Efikasi Kendiri dengan Prestasi Pelajar
STEP 3 : SYNTHESISE TO FORM A COHERENT
ARGUMENT
For Example: 2.4 Efikasi Kendiri (IV)
2.4.3 Hubungan Efikasi
2.4.2 Teori Efikasi Kendiri Kendiri dengan Prestasi
2.4.1 Konsep Efikasi Kendiri
Bandura Pelajar

Istilah Efikasi kendiri  Elemen dalam Teori  Kajian A: Sampel,

dalam konteks pendidikan Efikasi Bandura: A, B, C
Isu efikasi kendiri  A: Proses pembentukan
dalam Pdpc karakter dalaman individu
Kajian efikasi kendiri  B: Peranan faktor luaran
dalam kontek pengajian dalam pembentukan diri
tinggi individu
(Topic Sentence)  C: Pengaruh efikasi
terhadap tingkahlaku
individu
hubungan positif,
menyokong teori Bandura
 Kajian B, sampel,
hubungan positif,
menyokong teori Bandura
 Kajian C: sampel,
hubungan negative,
bertentangan dengan
teori.
ACTIVITY

• Once you have completed reading this slide, go back to seventh slide
and structure your Chapter 2 following the three steps.
• Present structure of your Chapter 2 in THREE slides only (each slide
for each step)
LET’S DISCUSS YOUR OUTCOME =)