RAYA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURING
proposal Title: Production and Characterization of Tile from HDPE
Waste Plastics
 Group members
1.Seare Tekeste
2.Haftom Alemu
3.G/meskel Haile
4. Ftwi g/her
Title contents
Introduction
Statement problem
Objective
Significance of the study
Literature review
Methodology
Materials and equipment use
Work Flow diagram of the study
Expected results
 Introduction
Plastic waste refers :
Accumulation of synthetic plastic products in the
environment (such as bottles, bags, and micro
beads), causing problems for wildlife and human
populations.
Any discarded plastic material generated by
industrial processes or consumers.
 Statement of the Problem
These days, plastic products are used almost
everywhere on our planet and become waste after
their usage. Most of the wastes from these plastics
are not easily decomposed. Instead, they are
simply dumped in landfills and stay long.
 it is possible to reutilize plastic wastes into useful
products with relatively low energy consumption
and with simpler processing.
Most of these tiles are produced from raw
materials such as sand, cement, clay, marble and
other additives. They are made into large thickness
and weight. This result in higher consumption of
raw materials such as cement, sand and become
consequence for high cost of production.
This study aims to re-utilize wastes from plastic
wastes in the production of valuable, light weight
tiles with better physio-mechanical characteristic.
 Objectives

General Objective
The general objective of this study will be production,
characterization and feasibility study of road tile from
waste plastic and sands.
Specific Objectives
To investigate the optimum proportions of waste
plastics and sand required for maximum compressive
strength of tiles.
 To characterize the effect of proportions of plastic
waste materials on the physico-mechanical properties
(density, water absorption, flexural strength) of floor
tiles.
To develop product (tiles) from waste plastic waste and
river sand
 Significance of the Research
Significance of this study is that to show the
possibility using HDPE waste as binding agent for
production of tiles.
It has potential environmental, economic and
social advantages.
it will minimize plastic wastes, their
environmental effects and cost to treat them
it produces value added products which can
substitute construction materials like marble and
cement tiles
 Conti……
The research will help
reduction of the amount of plastics dumping in
the cities and towns.
Reducing flooding due to blockage of water
movement channels.
outbreak of diseases like influenza together with
environmental degradation are reduced.
Generally, it is useful to enhance cleaner urban
cities, reduce blockage of urban drainage systems
clogged by plastic waste and promote job creation
in the recycling process.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Plastics and Their Properties
Plastics are man-made organic materials that are
produced from oil and natural gas as raw
materials.
Plastics can be regarded as long chains of beads in
which the so called monomers such as ethylene,
propylene, styrene and vinyl chloride are linked
together to form a chain called a polymer.
Polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polystyrene
(PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are the end
products of the process of polymerization, in
which the monomers are joined together.
Plastic product importation and production are
high in the world.
 According to the Olumuyiwa study, 67,235 tons of
plastics have been annually imported by Ethiopia
(Olumuyiwa A., 2001). From this, 40.58% or
27,283.8 tone was polyethylene and the related.
By their nature plastics are not easily decomposed
after their usage. So they need to be recycled or
reutilized into valuable products.
 Types of Plastics and Their Property
Thermoplastic materials
Materials that repeatedly Materials are not suitable
Thermoset materials

soften on heating and for repeated heat

harden on cooling are treatments are known as
known as thermoplastics Thermoset
They are dense and hard materials cannot be
at room temperature, reprocessed into new
become soft and products by heat
mouldable when heated, treatments because of their
dense and hard again complex molecular
and retain new shapes structures
when cooled Examples alkyd, epoxy,
Examples polyethylene,
pvc
Polyethylene Plastics and their
Properties
Polyethylene is one of thermoplastic polymer
materials
There are three common types of polyethylene
1. high density polyethylene (HDPE),
2. low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
3. linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).
LDPE is soft, flexible and easy to cut, with the feel
of candle wax..
HDPE has high modulus, yield and tensile
properties relative to LLDPE and MDPE. Also, it
has a higher specific density than LDPE. However,
because it has higher crystallinities.
Plastic Wastes and Its Environmental Impacts
The plastic waste component of the municipal
solid waste is quite problematic because they are
non-biodegradable
As they are not rapidly decomposable, they pollute
soil, water, river, block water way and rain to
penetrate into soil
Characterization of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Tiles
The main tests which will conduct to test the
performance of the product include:
water absorption
microstructure or surface morphology
 bending or flexural strength tests
 METHODOLOGY
Plastic collection: the plastics wastes for recycling
will collect around the maichew city.
Manual sorting: each plastic waste type will
separate from each other and unwanted materials
will remove from the waste, like in waste plastic
bottles, the plastics normally attach on the skin of
bottles and the bottle caps will remove.
Chipping: the various plastic waste sort will then
chop into smaller pieces.
Washing: The chips will then wash to remove
glue, paper labels, dirt and any remnants of the
product they once contain.
Melting of Plastic Material: The select waste
plastic from different elements is weigh crush and
then melt in a container at its melting point.
Mixing of Materials: After the waste plastic is
melt, the fly ash is add to it in the same container
during melting and the mixture is stir
continuously the fly ash shall be add little by little
in quantity and stir when show that a
homogeneous mix is obtain.
Placing of resin (plastic + fly ash) into mould:
Once the homogenous mixture of waste plastic in
melted form and fly ash is formed, the mixture is
fed into a mould .The moulds are coated with oil
for easy demoulding, before placing the mixture .
Demoulding : Once the mould is completely
prepared, the mould is cooled either by air cooling
or by placing it in water. After the mould is cooled,
the tile is removed from the mould. The floor tile is
now ready with a good surface finish at the top
Raw Material and Equipment that will
be use
Raw Material and Equipment we will use in this
study are :-
waste plastic (PE and PET which is low density or high
density),
natural river sand
manual metallic cutter (to reduce the size of waste
plastics),
mass balance (to measure the mass of plastic and sand),
 metallic pan equipped with electrical power source (for
melting of the plastic)
molding equipment (to give the desire shape of the
product),
spade (to give a uniform mixture of melted waste
plastic and sand and take the mixture out of the
tank).
Mechanical strength testing machine (to measure
mechanical strength of products)
molding equipment.
Chemical
Water (for washing of plastics
General Block Flow Diagram of Tile production
 EXPECTED RESULTS
The expected results will be produce qualitable
and efficient tile product
The out put will be light weight tiles with better
physio-mechanical characteristic.
The product will be resistance to break and crack
The manufacturing cost will be reduce when
compare cement tile