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Automata Theory and Computability (17CS54) : 5 Semester
Automata Theory and Computability (17CS54) : 5 Semester
Automata Theory and Computability (17CS54) : 5 Semester
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
LECTURE 1.2
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF
THIS LECTURE
Functions on Strings
Functions on Strings
Length – to find the length of a string Operator used | |
Concatenation – to join two or more strings. Operator - s||t, or
nothing i.e. st
Replication – strings raised to some power. Operator - a3
Reversal – reverse a string
Operator - (w)R
Examples of Length of a string
•|ε|=0
• |101| = 3
• |VTU_Edusat| = 10
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Replication of a string
• a3 = aaa
• (good)3 = goodgoodgood
• a0 b3 = ε bbb = bbb
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Reversal of a string
• (abc)R = cba
• x= ab, y=cd, (xy)R = dcba
• xR yR =badc
Relation on Strings
• Substring:
• aaa is substring of aaa and also aaabbccc
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Proper substring:
A string s is a proper substring of a string t iff s is a
substring of t and s ≠t
Examples:
S = good then proper substrings are ..
..... ε, g, go, goo only
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Languages:
A language is (finite or infinite) set of strings over a
finite alphabet Σ
Example if Σ = { a } following languages can be
derived
• Language L1= {a, aaa, aaaaa, aaaaaaa,.......}
• Language L2= { ε, aa, aaaa, aaaaaa,.......}
• Language L3= {a, aaaaa, aaaaaaaaa,.......}
• Language L4= {a, aaa, a7, a9 , a13 , ....}
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Functions on Languages.
Operations on Languages
Union, Intersection, Difference, and Complement can be applied.
Concatenation of Languages
• L1 = {aa, ab}
• L2 = {xx, yy}
• L1L2={aaxx, aayy, abxx, abyy}
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Some important results
• L1 = { } =Ф
• L2 = {xx, yy}
• L1L2={}
• L Ф = ФL = Ф
• L1 = { ε }
• L2 = {xx, yy}
• L1L2=L2
•L{ε}=L{ε}=L
What is L+ ?
• L+ = LL* //assuming L does not have Ꜫ
• L+ = L* - { ε }
Example
a* = { ε , a, aa, aaa, aaaa, aaaaa, ....infinite}
a+ = a* - { ε }
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Properties
L1={a, b} L2={c, d}
L1L2={ac, ad, bc, bd}
L2L1={ca, cb, da,db}
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
P5 : Distributive Property
L1L3 = { ac,ad,bc,bd}
L2L3 = {ce,cf,de,df}
L1L3 U L2L3 = {ac,ad,bc,bd, ce,cf,de,df}
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
• L = {w ϵ {a,b}* | w contains a}
• L = {a, aa, aaa, baa, baaabbb,……}
• ~L = {ɛ, b, bb, bbb, bbbb,………….}
• All strings in L should reach any final state Transition Table
Transition Function
δ (1,a)=2
δ (1,b)=1
δ (2,a)=2
δ (2,b)=2
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
Problem – 2:
Write a DFSM to accept the language
L = { w ϵ {a, b}* | |w| is even length}
Step 1: Write strings accepted by L i.e.
L = { ɛ, aa, bb, ab, ba, aaaa, bbbb, bbaa, baba,..}
~L= { a, b, aaa, bbb, aba, bab, bba, aab, aabbb,..}
Step 2: since min string are {ɛ, aa}, 2 states are required.
δ (1,a)=2
δ (1,b)=2
δ (2,a)=1
Transition table δ (2,b)=1
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
DEFINE
DFA
DESIGN
DFA
Dept Name Subject name / code
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science and Engineering 18CS54
#29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090
DISCUSSION
5 Minutes
2. Design of DFA
3. Examples of DFA
THANK YOU