SEX-INFLUENCED TRAITS

GROUP 3
 OBJECTIVES

•Explore the concept of sex-influenced traits

•Understand the genetic mechanisms behind sex-influenced traits

•Examine the manifestation of sex-influenced traits in various

organisms

•Illuminate the interplay between genetics, hormones, and

environmental factors

•Provide clear explanations and examples to enhance

understanding
WHAT ARE SEX-INFLUENCED
What are sex-influenced traits?
TRAITS?
 Sex-influenced traits are autosomal traits that are
influenced by sex. If a male has one recessive allele,
he will show that trait, but it will take two recessive
for the female to show that same trait. A lot of sex-
SEX-INFLUENCED limited traits can determine parental carriers by using
a pedigree.
TRAITS
Although these characteristics are present in both
sexes, the degree and frequency of phenotypic
expression differ by sex.
 Sex-influenced traits are autosomal traits that are influenced
e by sex.
ele,
ive
gene
ine

ut
he
 Sex-influenced traits are autosomal traits that are influenced
e by sex.
Autosomal traits are controlled by genes on one of the 22
ele, pairs of human autosomes. Autosomes are all the
chromosomes except the X or Y chromosome, and they
ive do not differ between males and females, so autosomal
gene traits are inherited in the same way regardless of the sex
of the parent or offspring.
ine

ut
he
Sex-influenced traits are autosomal traits that are influenced
by sex.
Autosomal traits are controlled by genes on one of the 22
pairs of human autosomes. Autosomes are all the
chromosomes except the X or Y chromosome, and they
do not differ between males and females, so autosomal
traits are inherited in the same way regardless of the sex
of the parent or offspring.

EXAMPLES OF SEX INFLUENCED TRAITS

• Male Pattern Baldness
• Length of index finger
• Body hair
• Muscle mass
AUTOSOMES
-any type of chromosomes that is not a
sex chromosome

INFLUENCE
-variation in how males & females express
a gene

HORMONES
Can dictate how much of this trait is being
express
• Males expressed a trait like
body or facial hair a lot more
than females
ONE OF THE COMMON EXAMPLES IS MALE
PATTERN BALDNESS
-Influenced by the hormone testosterone

In male it can be shown by one recessive allele (high)

In female it can be shown by two recessive allele

*GENETIC TABLE OF BALDNESS

FEMALE MALE

GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE

XB XB Not Bald XB YB Not Bald
XB Xb Not Bald (carrier) XB Yb Bald Male
Xb Xb Bald Female Xb Yb Bald Male
PROBLEM

A heterozygous not bald female married a homozygous bald man. What will be the genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring will be bald?
PROBLEM

A heterozygous not bald female married a homozygous bald man. What will be the genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring will be bald?

Heterozygous not bald female

XB Xb (b carries the gene for baldness)
These genotype is considered not bald because the baldness is recessive gene
which means it is a hidden trait.

Homozygous bald man The phenotype expresses baldness.

Xb Yb
PROBLEM

A heterozygous not bald female married a homozygous bald man. What will be the genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring will be bald?

Heterozygous not bald female

XB Xb (b carries the gene for baldness)
These genotype is considered not bald because the baldness is recessive gene
which means it is a hidden trait.

Homozygous bald man The phenotype expresses baldness.

Xb Yb

Parent’s Genotype
XB Xb heterozygous not bald female
Xb Yb homozyhous bald man

XB Xb

Xb XB Xb Xb Xb

Yb XB Yb Xb Yb
PROBLEM

A heterozygous not bald female married a homozygous bald man. What will be the genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring will be bald?

Heterozygous not bald female

XB Xb (b carries the gene for baldness)
These genotype is considered not bald because the baldness is recessive gene
which means it is a hidden trait.

Homozygous bald man The phenotype expresses baldness.

Xb Yb

Parent’s Genotype Genotype

XB Xb heterozygous not bald female ¼ XBXb is not bald female
Xb Yb homozyhous bald man ¼ XbXb is bald female
¼ XBYb is bald male
XB Xb ¼ XbYb is bald male

Xb XB Xb Xb Xb

Yb XB Yb Xb Yb
PROBLEM

A heterozygous not bald female married a homozygous bald man. What will be the genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring will be bald?

Heterozygous not bald female

XB Xb (b carries the gene for baldness)
These genotype is considered not bald because the baldness is recessive gene
which means it is a hidden trait.

Homozygous bald man The phenotype expresses baldness.

Xb Yb

Parent’s Genotype Genotype Genotypic Ratio

XB Xb heterozygous not bald female ¼ XBXb is not bald female 1:1:1:1
Xb Yb homozyhous bald man ¼ XbXb is bald female
¼ XBYb is bald male
XB Xb ¼ XbYb is bald male

Xb XB Xb Xb Xb

Yb XB Yb Xb Yb
PROBLEM

A heterozygous not bald female married a homozygous bald man. What will be the genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring will be bald?

Heterozygous not bald female

XB Xb (b carries the gene for baldness)
These genotype is considered not bald because the baldness is recessive gene
which means it is a hidden trait.

Homozygous bald man The phenotype expresses baldness.

Xb Yb

Parent’s Genotype Genotype Genotypic Ratio

XB Xb heterozygous not bald female ¼ XBXb is not bald female 1:1:1:1
Xb Yb homozyhous bald man ¼ XbXb is bald female
¼ XBYb is bald male
XB Xb ¼ XbYb is bald male

Xb XB Xb Xb Xb Phenotype
25% is not bald female
Yb XB Yb Xb Yb
25% is bald female
50% is bald male
PROBLEM

A heterozygous not bald female married a homozygous bald man. What will be the genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring will be bald?

Heterozygous not bald female

XB Xb (b carries the gene for baldness)
These genotype is considered not bald because the baldness is recessive gene
which means it is a hidden trait.

Homozygous bald man The phenotype expresses baldness.

Xb Yb

Parent’s Genotype Genotype Genotypic Ratio

XB Xb heterozygous not bald female ¼ XBXb is not bald female 1:1:1:1
Xb Yb homozyhous bald man ¼ XbXb is bald female
¼ XBYb is bald male
XB Xb ¼ XbYb is bald male

Xb XB Xb Xb Xb Phenotype
25% is not bald female
Yb XB Yb Xb Yb
25% is bald female
50% is bald male
QUIZ 
 are autosomal traits that are
1 QUIZ  influenced by sex.
2-5 QUIZ  Give examples of
sex-influenced traits
 any type of chromosomes that
6 QUIZ  a sex chromosome
is not
 Can dictate how much of this
7 QUIZtrait
 is being express
 variation in how males &
8 females express a gene
 are controlled by genes on one of
9 QUIZ
the 22pairs of human autosomes
 What if the sex influenced trait is
10 QUIZ  and a single copy of the
recessive
gene is passed down to a male
offspring?
 What if a single copy is passed to a
11 QUIZ female offspring?
 What if two sets of the gene is
12 QUIZpassed
 onto the female?
 The alleles of a male and female
13 QUIZ  through what letters
are expressed
respectively?
 How many recessive alleles that
14 QUIZ  offspring need to inherit
the female
the trait?
 How many recessive alleles that
15 QUIZ  offspring need to inherit
the male
the trait?