2 PICS,

1 PHRASE
Piece of cake (easy to achieve)
Break a leg (good luck)
Butterflies in my stomach
(very nervous or excited)
Raining cats and dogs
(to rain very heavily)
Figures of speech, also
referred to as figurative
language, are words or phrases
that express meanings in a
nonliteral way. These
expressions are often used for
comparison and for conveying
emotions.
A. FIGURES OF RELATIONSHIP
Simile
Metaphor
Metonymy
Synecdoche
Examples:
1. You are as brave as the lion.
2. O my love is like a red, red rose
The persona in this poem compares his love to a
red rose that blooms in springtime
That’s newly sprung in June;
 METAPHOR
 A metaphor is a figure of speech that
describes something by saying it’s something
else. It is not meant to be taken literally.
Trees are poem that the earth writes upon
the sky.
--Khalil Gibran
In the given quote, trees are likened to poems, and the
comparison does not use words such as like or as.
METONYMY

 Metonymy refers to using a thing or idea that

is not referred to by its own name but by a
different one, a name of something with
which it is closely associated.
 Examples:
 1. I’m mighty glad Georgia waited till after Christmas before it
seceded or it would have ruined the Christmas parties.
--from Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell
In the given line, Georgia is not used to refer to a place or state but rather the
people making up the state: its citizens and government officials
 2. The pen is mightier than the sword.
-- from the play Richelieu written by Edward Bulwer Lytton
The intellect and the thoughts are more powerful than physical acts of violence
during war.
A synecdoche uses a part of something to represent the whole or the whole to represent a part.

Examples:
1. I feel like the world is against me today.
In this sentence, “the world” does not mean the entire globe, but rather the parts you interacted with today.

2. We have hungry mouths to feed.

In the phrase, “mouths” is used to represent the hungry people and it is synecdoche because mouths are part of people.
 B. FIGURES OF EMPHASIS

 Hyperbole
 Oxymoron
 Paradox
Hyperbole uses
intentional exaggeration
to achieve emphasis or
produce a comic effect.
 1. I had to wait in the station for ten days—
eternity.
--from Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.
The use of the word eternity to describe a wait of ten
days is an exaggeration. It simply emphasizes that the
persona waited for so long.
 2. I am so hungry, I could eat a horse.
 3. I walked a million miles to get here.
 An oxymoron is a word or a combination of words
with contradictory meanings, as bittersweet and open
secret.
Examples:

1. Everyone was amazed at her foolish

wisdom.
2. Why, then O brawling love! O loving
hate!
O anything, of nothing first create!
--from Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare.
The phrase loving hate is an oxymoron, as it makes
use of two contradictory terms.
 Paradox
A paradox is a statement that
appears to hold contradictory ideas
but may actually be true.
 1. The Child is the father of a Man.
--quote for My Heart Leaps Up when I Behold, William
Wordsworth
The given statement may appears silly at first, but what it
conveys is that the experiences of the child shape who he/she
becomes and how he/she acts as an adult.
 2. The more you learn, the more you realize how
little you know.
--Socrates adage
Every time you gain a greater understanding, it creates even
more questions than it answers.
 B. FIGURES OF SOUNDS

 Alliteration
 Onomatopoeia
 Alliteration refers to the use of closely
spaced words that have the same initial
sounds.

1. Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever

dared to dream before
-- quote from the Raven, Edgar Allan Poe
The neighboring words doubting, dreaming, dreams, dared,
and dream begin with the d sound giving the line a musical
quality.
2. While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there
came a tapping…
- The Raven, Edgar Allan Poe
 Onomatopoeia is the use of words that imitate the sound of what
they are referring to.

1. Hark, hark!
Bow-wow.
The watch-dogs bark!
Bow-wow
Hark, hark! I hear
The strain of strutting chanticleers
Cry, ‘cock-a-diddle-dow!
--from The Tempest by William Shakespeare

The words bow-wow and cock-a-diddle-dow are

examples of onomatopoeia as they are animal sounds.
Paper-Pencil Test
Test I. Answer the following questions.
1. Words or phrases that express meanings in a
nonliteral way are referred to as figurative
language or _______________.
2. Onomatopoeia and alliteration are
classified as ______________.
3. What are figures of emphasis?
4. What figure of speech is used in the sentence
below?
The fair breeze blow, the white foam flew
The furrow followed free.
5. Shaneah is writing a poem, and she wants it to have
auditory imagery so that the reader could imagine hearing
every twang and noise referred to in the poem.
What should Shaneah use in her poem?
Test II.
Read the following lines from various literary works. Identify what literary device is being
utilized in the said lines.
1. Love is like a painting
filled with all colours and shades
love is like a bleeding heart
cut with many sharp blades
love is like a never ending story
that always begins with a kiss
love is like a space everlasting
that fills bitterness with bliss
love is like the circle of eternity
always there to take for free
- Love is Like by Allen Steble

Answer: _________________________________
2. You are my sunshine
that made my dusk life bright
but burnt and blind me.
- Ency Bearis

Answer: __________________________________
3. Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering,
fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream
before
- The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
Answer: __________________________________
Assignment

 Enumerate the literary techniques with

definition used by literary writer. Write your
answers in a one whole sheet of paper.