ASEAN

(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer

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1. understand the characteristics and geographical conditions of ASEAN
countries.
2. understand the importance's of cooperation, forms of cooperation, and
efforts to enhance cooperation between ASEAN countries.
3. analyze the impacts of spatial interaction to ASEAN countries life in social,
economic, cultural and education.
4. analyze the effect of changes to sustainability life of ASEAN countries in
economic, social, cultural, political and educational life.
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ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
• ASEAN is a regional intergovernmental
organization comprising ten countries in
Southeast Asia, which promotes
cooperation in economic, political,
security, military, educational, and
sociocultural among its members and
other countries in Asia.

• Founding: 8 August 1967 in Bangkok,

Thailand.
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

• Formed by Indonesia, Malaysia,

Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.

• Enlargement: Brunei Darussalam

(1984); Viet Nam (1995); Lao PDR
and Myanmar (1997) and Cambodia
(1999).
 ASEAN
(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
10 Member States

• Malaysia • Brunei Darussalam

(8 August 1967) (7 January 1984)
• Philippines • Viet Nam
(8 August 1967) (28 July 1995)
• Singapore • Myanmar
(8 August 1967)
(23 July 1997)
• Thailand • Lao PDR
(8 August 1967)
(23 July 1997)
• Indonesia
• Cambodia
(8 August 1967) April 1999)

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 Purposes
Political Security Economic Socio-Culture

1. To promote
1. To ensure that 1. To preserve
1. To create a highly sustainable
Southeast Asia as a
all members live Nuclear Weapon-Free competitive
development &
preservation of
in peace with Zone; market for trade natural resources;
the world; 2. To maintain and and investment 2. To preserve cultural
enhance peace & (free flow of
2. To strengthen security;
heritage;
goods, capital & 3. To develop education
democracy & 3. To respond to all
facilitated in science and
protect human forms of threats &
movement of technology to
transnational crimes
rights; and transboundary business persons empower the ASEAN
and labor; country peoples;
challenges;
4. To enhance equitable
4. To cooperate in 2. To alleviate
access to
building a drug-free poverty within opportunities, social
environment; ASEAN members; welfare and justice;
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 Principles
• Respect the (i) equality, (ii) independence, (iii) national identity, (iv) sovereignty,
and (v) territorial integrity, between the members;
• Mutual cooperation between the members;
• Not interfere each member’s internal affairs;
• Free from external interference;
• Dispute settlement by peaceful manner;
• No threat & the use of force/coercion.

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8. VIETNAM

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 KEY FACTS
1. POLITICS
Name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Capital City: Hanoi
Government : Unitary Marxist–Leninist

one-party socialist republic

Head of State: Party-General Secretary,
President

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 KEY FACTS
2. Geography
• Vietnam is located in the southeastern of the Indochinese
peninsula.
• Land area: 331,688 km2
• Climate: tropic
• Border:
North: Republik Rakyat Tiongkok
East & South: South China Sea
West: Laos & Kamboja

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 KEY FACTS
3. Landscape
1. Northern mountainous areas with heights
± 3000 meters including Annamite Range.
2. Narrow coastline between the Annamite
Mountains range and the South China Sea.
3. Red River Delta.
4. Mekong River Delta in the south.
5. Gulf of Tonkin, it has been filled in by the
enormous alluvial deposits of
6. The Longest river: Đồng Nai river
7. The Biggest lake: Ba Bể Lake

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Đồng Nai river
Ba Bể Lake

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HALONG BAY in GULF OF TONKIN

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 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Agriculture in Vietnam is the most important
sector of the economy.
• There are woody plants in the country:
ebony and teak, palms, mangroves, and
bamboos cover approximately half of the
country’s total area.
• Fauna: water buffalo, cattle, dogs, cats, pigs,
goats, ducks, and chickens.
• The natural resources: phosphates, coal,
manganese, bauxite, offshore oil and gas
deposits, timber, hydropower.
 KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources • Official languages:
• Ethnics: Vietnamese
85.32% Vietnamese
1.92% Tay
1.89% Tai • Religion:
1.51% Mường 86.32% Folk or Irreligious
1.45% Hmong 7.1% Christianity
1.37% Khmer 4.79% Buddhism
1.13% Nùng 1.02% Hoahaoism
5.41% Others 0.77% Other religions

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16
 1. GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCATION
• LOCATED IN ASIAN
CONTINENT
• TWO CONTINENTS AND
TWO OCEANS

• Borders:
North: China
West: India and Bangladesh
South: Australia
East: Papua Niugini
 GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS
• Climate: Tropic
• Landform:
1.Mainland : Thailand,
Myanmar, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam
2.Archipelago: Indonesia,
Malaysia, Brunei
Darussalam, Singapura,
Philippine, Timor Leste
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• The similarity of natural resources potential produced by
ASEAN countries
AGRICULTURE

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 KEY FACTS
3. Landscape
• Brunei mostly within the
Borneo lowland rain
forests, and its landscape is
a fertile, hilly lowland -
with the exception being
the mountainous areas.
• The highest point of the
country is Bukit Pagon,
numerous rivers drain the
land, including the Belait,
Pandaruan and Tutong.
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 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Brunei is home for a
diverse range of wildlife:
many small animals,
tropical birds, reptiles and
amphibians exist in the
rainforests.
• Almost entirely supported
by exports of crude oil and
natural gas, with revenues
from the petroleum sector
accounting for over half of
GDP.
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 KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources
• Ethnics:
66% Malays
10% Chinese
24% others
• Official languages Malay and English
• Religion:
78.8% Sunni Islam
8.7% Christian
7.8% Buddhist
4.7% other (includes indigenous beliefs)
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2.
INDONESIA
Insert or Drag & Drop your photo

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KEY FACT

1. Politics
Name: Indonesia
Capital City : Jakarta
Government : Republic
Head of State: President
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 KEY FACTS
2. Geography
• Land area = 1,922,570 km²
• Water area = 3,257,483 km²
• Border:
North:
East:
South:
West:
• Climate: tropic, with two seasons
Rainy and dry season.
• The meeting area between two
mountain ranges, Pacific and
Mediterranean Circum. 25
 KEY FACTS
3. Landscape
1. West Indonesia
are Java, Sumatra, Borneo
are known as Sunda
shelf.
2. Central Indonesia are
Sulawesi, Maluku, NT and
Bali are know as
Peralihan.
3. East Timur are Papua and
Kep. Aru are known as
Sahul Self.
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KEY FACTS

• Puncak Jaya is Indonesia's highest

peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra is
the largest lake
• Indonesia's largest rivers are in
Kalimantan are Kapuas, Barito and
Mahakam. 27
 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Large species such as
the Sumatran tiger,
rhinoceros, orangutan, Asian
elephant, leopard and bird
species.
• Flora are orchid, meranti,
teak, Rafflesia Arnoldi, etc

The key natural resources of the country include silver, coal, fertile
soils, natural gas, petroleum, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, timber and
nickel. 28
 KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources
• Ethnics:
There are 633 recognized ethnic groups in Indonesia
• Official languages Indonesian and over 700
languages
• Religion:
86.7% Islam
10.72% Christianity
1.74% Hinduism
0.77% Buddhism
0.03% Confucianism
0.04% Folk 29
3.
MALAYSIA

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KEY FACTS

1. Politics
Name: Malaysia
Capital City : Kuala Lumpur
Government : Monarchy
Head of State: Yang Dipertuan
Agung, Prime Minister 31
 KEY FACTS
2. Geography
• Land area: 330.435 km²
• Climate: tropic
• Border:
North: Thailand
South: Singapore
East: South China Sea
West: Malacca Strait

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3. Landscape
KEY FACTS
• Malaysia is divided by 2: West Malaysia and
East Malaysia.
• West Malaysia: with Singapore
• East Malaysia: Kalimantan island

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 KEY FACTS
• Longest river Rajang River
• Largest lake Kenyir Lake and Bera
Lake

Highest point Mount Kinabalu

(4,095.2 m)

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 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Flora: camphor, ebony, sandalwood,
teak, and many varieties of palm trees.
• Fauna includes bison, deer, wild pigs,
tree shrews, honey bears, forest cats,
civets, monkeys, crocodiles, lizards, and
snakes.
• Malaysia produces petroleum, natural
gas, tin, timber, copper, iron, ore, and
bauxite.

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 KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources
• Ethnics:
68.8% Bumiputera (Malay), 23.2% Chinese, 7.0%
Indian, 1.0% others
• Official languages Malay and English
• Religion:
61.3% Islam (official)
19.8% Buddhism
9.2% Christianity
6.3% Hinduism
1.3% Chinese folk religion
1.7% Unknown
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0.4% other
4.
SINGAPURA

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KEY FACTS

1. Politics
Name: Singapura
Capital City : Singapura
Government : Unitary dominant-party
parliamentary constitutional republic
Head of State: President and Prime Minister 38
 KEY FACTS
2. Geography
• Land area: 619 km²
• Climate: tropic
• Border:
North: Malaysia
South: South China Sea
East: South China Sea
West: Malacca Strait

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 KEY FACTS
3. Landscape
• The highest point of Singapore is
Bukit Timah Hill (165 m) made
up of igneous rock, granite.
• Hills and valleys of sedimentary
rock dominate the northwest, while
the eastern region consists of sandy
and flatter land.
• Singapore has no natural lakes, but
reservoirs and water catchment
areas have been constructed to
store fresh water for Singapore's
water supply.
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Some of Singapore's most beautiful
locations include the Bay East
Garden, Sentosa Island, and Pulau
Ubin which is commonly referred to
as Granite Island which is popular
with tourists mainly because of the
wide variety of wildlife in the area.
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 KEY FACTS

4. Natural Resources
• The economy of Singapore is a highly developed free-market economy.
• Exports, particularly in electronics, chemicals and services.
• State-owned enterprises play a substantial role in Singapore's economy.
• Since Singapore is lacks of natural resources so they purchases natural resources
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and raw goods.
KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources
• Ethnics:
Chinese 74.3%
Malay 13.4%
Indian 9.0%
Other 3,2%
• Official languages: English, Malay,
Mandarin, Tamil.
• Religion:
Buddhism (33.8%), Christianity
(18.2%), None (18.5%)
Islam (14.0%), Taoism and folk
religion (10.0%), Hinduism (5.0%),
Sikhism 0.4% 43
5. THAILAND

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KEY FACTS

1. Politics
Name: Kingdom of Thailand
Capital City : Bangkok
Government : Monarchy
Head of State: King and
Prime Minister 45
 KEY FACTS
2. Geography
• Land area: 513.120 km²
• Climate: tropic
• Border:
North: Laos, Myanmar
South: Malaysia
East: Gulf of Siam
West: Myanmar

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 KEY FACTS
3. Landscape
• The highest mountain in the country, Doi
Inthanon, at a height of 1.6 miles

The most important river in Thailand,

the Chao Phraya.
 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• There is a lot of wildlife in
Thailand: elephants, tigers,
snakes, wild water buffalo,
deer, gibbons, macaques,
bears, tapirs and birds.
• About 12% of Thailand is
covered by rainforest. There
are also rice farming, palm
trees and mangroves.
• Tin, rubber, natural gas,
tungsten, tantalum, timber,
lead, fish, gypsum, lignite,
fluorite, arable land.
Thailand is classified as a newly
industrialized economy;
manufacturing, agriculture, and
tourism are leading sectors of the
economy.

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 KEY FACTS

5. Human Resources • Official languages Thai. • Religion:

• Ethnics: 94.50% Buddhism
86% Thais 4.29% Islam
3% Khmer 1.17% Christianity
2% Malays 0.03% Hinduism
9% Others 0.01% Unaffiliated 50
6.
PHILIPPINES

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• Politics
KEY FACTS
Name: Republic of the Philippines
Capital City: Manila
Government : Unitary presidential
constitutional republic
Head of State: President

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 KEY FACTS
2. Geography
It is an archipelago consisting of some
7,100 islands.
Land area: 300.000 km²
Climate: tropical marine
Border:
North: South China Sea
South: Celebes Sea
East: Philippine Sea
West: South China Sea

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 KEY FACTS Volcano Island in the centre of Taal Lake

3. Landscape
• The islands are volcanic in origin, being
part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, and are
mostly mountainous.
• Philippines is located along of Pacific Plate
results the area characterized by active
volcanoes. Mount Apo
• The Philippines is divided into three main
island: the Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
• Highest Point: Mount Apo (2,954 meters).
• Longest river: Cagayan River
• Largest lake: Laguna de Bay. 54
Cagayan River Laguna de Bay

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 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Forests cover almost one-half of the land
area and are typically tropical.
• Flora: vines, epiphytes, and climbers.
• The wildlife are: wild hog, deer, wild
caribou, monkey, civet cat, and various
rodents, birds, crocodiles and snakes.
• Timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver,
gold, salt, and copper.
The Philippines is largely an
agricultural country, and develop
tourism as well.

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 KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources
• Ethnics:
33.7% Visayan
24.4% Tagalog • Religion:
8.4% Ilocano Christianity (92.2%)
6.8% Bicolano Islam (5%)
26.2% others

• Official languages:
Filipino
English
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7. LAOS

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 KEY FACTS
1. POLITICS
Name: Lao People's Democratic
Republic
Capital City: Vientiane
Government : Unitary Marxist-
Leninist
one-party socialist republic
Head of State: Party-General
Secretary, President

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 KEY FACTS
2. GEOGRAPHY
Laos is landlocked country of northeast-
central mainland Southeast Asia.
Land area: 237,955 km2
Climate: tropic
Border:
North: China
South: Cambodia
West: Myanmar and Thailand
East: Vietnam

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 KEY FACTS
3. Landscape
• Located on the Mekong River in
the northern to west portion of the
country
• Laos is largely mountainous,
Annamite Range in the northeast
and east and the Luang Prabang
Range in the northwest.
• Mount Bia, Lao Bia Phou, highest
peak (9,245 feet [2,818 metres]) in
Annamite Range.
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Mount Bia
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 Luang Prabang Range
Annamite Range

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 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Agriculture in Laos is the most important
sector of the economy.
• Laos is also home to hundreds of species of
orchids and palms.
• Fauna: mammals, reptiles and amphibians,
and birds.
• The natural resources of Laos include tin,
gold, gemstones, and gypsum.
• The mining sector is not yet a significant
player in the country’s economy.
Economic reforms including the
development of tourism, have
strengthened Laos’s economy.

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 KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources
• Ethnics:
53.2% Lao • Official languages:
11% Khmu Lao & French
9.2% Hmong
3.4% Phouthai
3.1% Tai
2.5% Makong • Religion:
2.2% Katang Buddhism 66.0%
2.0% Lue Tai folk religion
1.8% Akha 30.7%
11.6% other Christianity 1.5%
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Others / None 1.8%
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BURMA/MNYANMAR

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 KEY FACTS
• Politics
Name: Republic of the Union of
Myanmar
Capital City: Naypyidaw
Government : Unitary parliamentary
constitutional republic
Head of State: President

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 KEY FACTS
2. Geography
• Myanmar is the largest of the Mainland
Southeast Asian states by area.
• Land area: 676,578 km2
• Climate: cool, dry and rainy.
• Border:
North: Bangladesh, India China
East: Laos
South: Thailand
West: Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal
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 KEY FACTS
3. Landscape
• Myanmar is characterized by lowlands
and mountain ranges.
• This due to Indian-Australian Plate,
which has been colliding with the
Eurasian Plate.
• The highest point is Mount Hkakabo
Razi. (5,881 m)
• Lowest point Andaman Sea.
• The largest rivers is Irrawaddy River

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 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Half of Myanmar covered with forests
and rice cultivation.
• There are oak, pine, hardwood trees,
teak.
• Fauna: two-horned rhinoceros, buffalo,
Tigers, leopards, and wildcats.
• The natural resources: petroleum,
timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper,
tungsten, lead, coal, marble, limestone,
precious stones, natural gas, and
hydropower.
 KEY FACTS
5. Human Resources • Official languages:
• Ethnics: Burmese
68% Bamar
9% Shan • Religion:
7% Karen Buddhism 87.9%
4% Rakhine Christianity 6.2%
3% Chinese Islam 4.3%
2% Indians Others 1.6%
2% Mon
5% others

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10. CAMBODIA

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KEY FACTS

• Politics
Name: Kingdom of Cambodia
Capital City: Phnom Penh
Government : Monarchy Dictatorship
Head of State: King
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 KEY FACTS
2. LANDSCAPE
• Cambodia is country on the
Indochinese mainland of Southeast
Asia.
• Land area: 181,035 km2
• Climate: Tropic
• Border:
North: Thailand & Laos
East: Vietnam
South: the Gulf of Thailand
West: Thailand
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 KEY FACTS Phnom Aural
3. Landscape
• Cambodia’s landscape is characterized
by a low-lying central alluvial plain
including Tonle Sap (Great Lake)
and Mekong River delta.
• The highest peak is Phnom Aural
(5,938 ft)
• Lowest point is Gulf of Thailand
• Tonle Sap is the largest lake in
Southeast Asia.
• The Longest river is Mekong river.

Tonle Sap
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 KEY FACTS
4. Natural Resources
• Cambodia has one of the highest levels
of forest cover and agriculture field.
• People's livelihood is based on
agriculture.
• Cambodia is home to a wide array of
wildlife: mammal, bird, reptile.
• The natural resources: Oil and natural
gas, timber, gemstone, iron, gold.
Angkor Wat is a temple complex in
Cambodia and the largest religious
monument in the world

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 KEY FACT
5. Human
Resources
• Ethnics: • Religion:
97% Khmer 97.9% Buddhism
2.4% Chams 1.1% Islam
0.2% Chinese 0.5% Christianity
0.3% other[2] 0.6% Others

• Official
languages:
Khmer, English and
France

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ThankYou