Subject – Object Agreement

(part 2-Phrase)

Yaqutina Marjani Santosa , S.Pd., M.Cs

 Learning Objectives

1. Students are able to make simple sentences

2. Students understand subject – object agreement
3. Students understand the meaning of phrase and apply
4. Students are able to make sentences using independent and dependent
clause
Phrase
A phrase is a group of words Modifier + Head + Modifier
that does not consist of Pre – M Post – M
subject and verb. Phrases
can be in the :
Modifier (M) → Yang menjelaskan
1. noun phrases Head (H) → Yang dijelaskan
2. adjective phrases
3. verb phrases Biasanya modifier yang digunakan
4. adverb phrases hanya satu saja
contoh:
5. gerund phrase
– minum kopi → drinking coffee
6. to infinitive phrase H M H M
7. participle phrase
8. prepositional phrase
9. exclamatory phrase.
 Noun Phrase
noun phrase tidak dapat diawali oleh kata
depan. Urutan kata utama (noun head) dan
kata penjelas tersebut memiliki aturan tertentu.
Berikut rumus urutannya: D O Car Ad Sub Si
Berikut ini adalah keterangannya:
D = Determiner, seperti the, a , an
O = Ordinal number seperti first, second, third,
a/an, the some, many, much, those, these,
that, this, dan lain sebagainya.
Car = Cardinal number seperti, one, two, three.
Ad = Adverb seperti very, rather, quite, fairly,
too, absolutely.
Sub = Subjective seperti beautiful, pretty,
expensive, luxurious dan lain sebagainya.
Si = Size seperti small, big, large, narrow dan
lain sebagainya.
1. Noun
example : students, people
2. Determiner + noun
example : the house, a building
3. Quantifier + noun
example : some kids
4. Determiner + adjective + noun
example : my beautiful cousin
5. Quantifier + determiner + noun
example : all these babies
6. Quantifier + determiner + adjective + noun
example : both of my smart friends
 Adjective phrases
adjective phrase yaitu gabungan beberapa kata untuk
menjelaskan kata benda (noun) atau kata ganti (pronoun)

Example :
You always eat something that is very healthy
 Adjective phrases
menyatakan pendapat/pemikiran tentang smart, beautiful, important, delicious,
1 Opinion
sesuatu easy, good
menyatakan seberapa besar atau kecil
2 Size small, little, big, large, huge
ukuran suatu kata benda
3 Shape menyatakan bentuk dari suatu kata benda flat, long, round, short, square, fat, thin
4 Condition menyatakan kondisi suatu kata benda clean, hungry, wet, sleepy
menyatakan seberapa tua atau muda
5 Age new, old, young
suatu kata benda
menunjukkan warna dari suatu kata
6 Color pink, white, green, black, blue
benda benda
7 Pattern menggambarkan pola suatu kata benda flowery, plaid, zigzag
Chinese, English, American, Indonesian,
8 Origin menunjukkan asal
Greek, British
menyatakan suatu benda terbuat dari
9 Material wooden, silk, cotton, gold,
apa/materi pembentuknya
menjelaskan fungsi penggunaan suatu
10 Purpose swimming, sleeping, wedding
kata benda (berupa present participle)
 Verb phrases
1. Hanya main verb atau kata kerja pokok
Example : He tries so hard.
2. Auxiliary + present participle
Example He is trying so hard.
3. Auxiliary + past participle
Example : He has tried so hard.
4. Modals + main verb
Example: He could try harder than this.
5. Modals + auxiliary + past participle
Example: He should have tried her best.
6. Modals + auxiliary + auxiliary + past participle
Example : It must have been noted by now.
7. Modals + auxiliary + auxiliary + present participle
Example: They would have been waiting for you if they knew you came.
8. Modals + be + present participle
Example: He must be singing for you right now.
9. Do/did + main verb
Example: She did understand your explanation.
 Adverb phrases
An adverb modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

Adverb of time (yesterday, tomorrow, tonight...etc)

Adverb of manner (badly, quickly, kindly, quietly.. etc)
Adverb of degree (very, totally, absolutely, extremely..etc)
Adverb of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never..etc)
Adverb of place (below, above, between, behind, through.. etc)

Example :
They couldn’t do anything during the storm.
 Gerund
Gerund Phrase adalah phrase yang head-nya berupa gerund (v-ing
yang dibendakan). Gerund berfungsi sebagai noun dan dapat
menempati subject dan atau object

Head (H) + Modifier (M)

Gerund M of Gerund

Example :

minum kopi → drinking coffee

H M H M

I enjoy watching movie

I am watching movie
 To infinitive Phrase
To infinitive phrase adalah phrase yang headnya berupa to infinitive
( to+v1). To infinitive berfungsi sebagai noun dan dapat menempati
subject dan atau object
Head (H) + Modifier (M)
to infinitive M of to infinitive

Example :
minum kopi → to drink coffee
H M H M

I enjoy to watch a movie

I watch a movie
 Participle phrase
Participle phrase adalah phrase yang headnya berupa participle (v-ing
atau verb 3). Participle phrase berfungsi sebagai adjective, adverb dan
verb.
Head (H) + Modifier (M)
Participle M of Participle

Example :
Drinking coffee , Ethan becomes strong.
H/Pcp M of Pcp
 Prepositional Phrase
Prepositional phrase adalah phrase yang diawali oleh preposition (kata
depan)

Preposition + Object of Preposition

noun/pronoun/noun phrase/Gerund

Example :
Emily sleeps on the floor.
Subject Verb Preposition Object of Preposition
Prepositional Phrase
 Exclamatory Phrase
Exclamatory phrase adalah phrase yang diawali dengan exclamatory
word. Exclamatory word adalah how dan what

How + Adjective/Adverb + Subject + Verb + !

What + (a/an) + adjective + noun , + Subject + Verb + !

Example :
How kind Emily is!
What a kind student, Emily is!
 Exercise

1. They live in that old farmhouse on the hill

a. Gerund phrase
b. Prepositional Phrase
c. Participle Phrase

2. To make money is our aim.

a. Participle Phrase
b. To Infinitive Phrase
c. Gerund Phrase
 Exercise

3. We jumped in the lake.

a. Gerund Phrase
b. Prepositional Phrase
c. Participle Phrase

4. What an expensive car, it is!

a. Participle Phrase
b. Exclamatory Phrase
c. To Infinitive Phrase
 Exercise

5. How lucky Ethan is!

a. To Infinitive Phrase
b. Participle Phrase
c. Exclamatory Phrase

6. Your suitcase is on top of the wardrobe.

a. Participle Phrase
b. Gerund Phrase
c. Prepositional Phrase
 Exercise

7. Playing football is fun.

a. Exclamatory Phrase
b. Prepositional Phrase
c. Gerund Phrase

8. The girl eating banana is my sister.

a. Prepositional Phrase
b. Exclamatory Phrase
c. Participle Phrase
 Exercise

9. How beautiful you are!

a. Participle Phrase
b. Exclamatory Phrase
c. To Infinitive Phrase

10. I enjoy making pizza.

a. Prepositional Phrase
b. Gerund Phrase
c. Exclamatory Phrase
 Exercise

11. The turtle walks very slowly

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Exclamatory Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase

12. Old people may need to see a doctor every year.

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Exclamatory Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise

13. the blonde kid that we saw yesterday

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Noun Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase

14. I enjoy watching the rain drops

a. Verb Phrase
b. Gerund Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise

15. She took the beautiful orange-coloured cat

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Noun Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase

16. There are many abandoned ships in this port.

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Noun Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise

17. My father buys a new shiny car.

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Noun Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase

18. I like a small Japanese house

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Verb Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise

19. I will water our garden at about 5 o’clock this afternoon

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Prepositional Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase

20. Harry must go to hospital to check his condition

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Verb Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise

21. I will water our garden at about 5 o’clock this afternoon

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Prepositional Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase

22. Harry must go to hospital to check his condition

a. Adverb Phrase
b. Verb Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise
23. I hate walking on the mountain
a. Adverb Phrase
b. Gerund Phrase
c. Verb Phrase

24. Being a father is not easy

a. Gerund Phrase
b. Verb Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise
25. I hate walking on the mountain
a. Adverb Phrase
b. Gerund Phrase
c. Verb Phrase

26. The fair-skinned man with a blue shirt and black

shoe is my brother.
a. Noun Phrase
b. Verb Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise
27. The car in front of me ran the red light
a. Adverb Phrase
b. Prepositional Phrase
c. Verb Phrase

28. I give her too much

a. Noun Phrase
b. Adverb Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Exercise
29. My Mom is washing the clothes now.
a. Adverb Phrase
b. Gerund Phrase
c. Verb Phrase

30. I have to speak to you very clearly.

a. Noun Phrase
b. Adverb Phrase
c. Adjective Phrase
 Assigment

Make 3 example of

1. noun phrases
2. adjective phrases
3. verb phrases
4. adverb phrases
5. gerund phrase
6. to infinitive phrase
7. participle phrase
8. prepositional phrase
9. exclamatory phrase.
 Terima Kasih

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