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Three-Phase Induction Motor: Instructional Objectives
Three-Phase Induction Motor: Instructional Objectives
Instructional Objectives Construction Types of rotor Operating Principle Effect of slip in rotor Torque equation
- Starting & Running
Torque-Slip Characteristics
By P.Anitha,Lecturer EEE Dept
AC motors
Alternating current (AC) motors use an electrical current, which reverses its direction at regular intervals. An AC motor has two basic electrical parts: a "stator" and a "rotor". The stator is in the stationary electrical component. The rotor is the rotating electrical component, which in turn rotates the motor shaft.
Disadvantages of AC motors
The main advantage of DC motors over AC motors is that speed is more difficult to control for AC motors. To compensate for this, AC motors can be equipped with variable frequency drives but the improved speed control comes together with a reduced power quality.
Type of AC Motors
There are two types of AC motors: synchronous and induction. The main difference between the synchronous motor and the induction motor is that the rotor of the synchronous motor travels at the same speed as the rotating magnetic field.
Can improve power factor: suited for high electricity use systems
Synchronous speed (Ns):
Ns = 120 f / P
Construction
Frame - Outer part of the body
To support the stator core & windings To protect the inner parts Serve as a ventilating housing
Stator core
Construction
The iron core has cylindrical shape and is laminated with slots. The iron core on the figure has paper liner insulation placed in some of the slots. In a three-phase motor, the three phase windings are placed in the slots.
Construction
Stator or primary or field winding - Stator winding is 3 ph winding supplied from 3 ph source. - 3 ph can be connected in either star or delta depending upon the method of starting
wound rotor
Most motors use the squirrel-cage rotor because of the robust and maintenance-free construction. However, large, older motors use a wound rotor with three phase windings placed in the rotor slots. The windings are connected in a three-wire wye. The ends of the windings are connected to three slip rings. Resistors or power supplies are connected to the slip rings through brushes for reduction of starting current and speed control
wound rotor
The external resistors are mainly used during start-up under normal running conditions the windings short-circuited externally.
Operating Principle
Operation Principle
The three-phase stator is supplied by balanced threephase voltage that drives an ac magnetizing current through each phase winding. The magnetizing current in each phase generates a pulsating ac flux. The flux amplitude varies sinusoidally and the direction of the flux is perpendicular to the phase winding. The total flux in the machine is the sum of the three fluxes.
The summation of the three ac fluxes results in a rotating flux, which turns with constant speed and has constant amplitude.
The rotating flux induces a voltage in the short-circuited bars of the rotor. This voltage drives current through the bars. The induced voltage is proportional with the difference of motor and synchronous speed. Consequently the motor speed is less than the synchronous speed The interaction of the rotating flux and the rotor current generates a force that drives the motor. The force is proportional with the flux density and the rotor bar current
The figure shows the three components of the magnetic field at a phase angle of 60. Each phase generates a magnetic field vector. The vector sum of the component vectors a, b, c gives the resulting rotating field vector rot, The amplitude is 1.5 times the individual phase vector amplitudes,and rot rotates with constant speed.
NS N s NS 120 f NS P
Torque/Speed Curve
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