MAGNETS AND

CURRENT
• 9 Mag n ets & Cu rren ts

• Mag n ets.

• Pro p erties.

• Has 2 p oles.

• No rth —seeking p o le.

• N p o le.

• Sou th —seeking p o le.

• S p ole.

• Has magn etic field .

• Field lin es ru n fro m N p ole to S p o le.

• Stro n g est wh ere field lin es closest.

• Attracts mag n etic materials b y in d ucin g mag netism in th em.

• Exerts little to n o fo rce on n o n—mag netic materials.

• Pole fo rces.

• Lik e p o les rep el.

• Neu tral po in t.

• Comb in ed field stren g th is zero .

• Un lik e po les attract.

• Force in creases wh en distance b etween po les red u ces.

• In d u ced mag netism.

• Iro n & steel g et attracted to mag nets.

• Become mag n etised.

• Sid e o f material facin g mag n et is o p p osite p ole.

• Iro n lo ses magn etism.

• Steel b eco mes perman en tly mag n etised.

• Typ es.

• Soft.

• Hig h su scep tibility.

• Low reten tiv ity.

• Used to mak e tran sformer co res & electro mag n ets.

• Hard .

• Low su scep tib ility.

• Hig h reten tivity.

• Used to mak e mag n ets.

• Solen o id.

• Lon g coil.

• Mag n etisatio n .

• In d u ced mag netism b y p lacing a mag n et near o bject.

• Weak mag n etism.

• Stro k in g ob ject with o ne end o f mag net.

• Stro k ed p o le beco mes p ole o f mag n et u sed .

• Placin g ob ject in sid e larg e D.C. carrying solen oid.

• Mo st effectiv e meth o d .

• Demag netisation .

• Hammerin g .

• Ato mic mag n ets th ro wn o ut of line.

• Heatin g .

• To high temp eratu res.

• Placin g ob ject in sid e larg e A.C. carrying solen oid.

• Mo st effectiv e meth o d .

• Electromagn ets.

• Con sist of a co il wrapp ed aro u nd a core.

• Core mad e o f so ft mag n etic materials.

• Mag n etic field .

• Stren gth.

• In creased b y increasin g cu rren t.

• In creased b y increasin g nu mb er o f turns in coil.

• Directio n.

• Rev ersed by rev ersing current.

• Uses.

• Mag n etic relay.

• Switch op erated b y electro mag net.

• Switch clo ses ion first circu it.

• Curren t flows th ro u g h electromag net.

• Iro n armatu re p ulled .

• Con tacts clo se.

• Curren t flows th ro u g h seco nd circu it.

• Circu it b reak er.

• Mag n etic effects.

• Aro u n d a wire.

• Electric cu rren t in wire gives off weak magn etic field .

• Field lin es are circles.

• Field stron g est wh en clo se to wires.

• In creasing cu rren t in creases field streng th .

• Field directio n ru le.

• Rig ht—han d grip ru le.

• Con v en tio n al cu rren t in directio n o f thu mb .

• Mag n etic field in d irection o f cu rled fing ers.

• Fields fro m co ils.

• Wire co iled to pro du ce stro n ger mag netic field s.

• Field similar to th at o f b ar magn et.

• Mag n etic p o les exist at co il’s end s.

• Field stren g th .

• In creased b y increasin g cu rren t.

• In creased b y increasin g nu mb er o f turns in coil.

• Field directio n ru le.

• Rig ht—han d grip ru le.

• N p o le in directio n o f thu mb .

• Con v en tio n al cu rren t in directio n o f cu rled fin g ers.

• Force o n a cu rren t.

• No n—mag netic co p p er wire p asses throu g h mag n et.

• Curren t ru n s thro ug h wire.

• Wire ex perien ces fo rce as magn etic field is p ro d uced .

• Wire’s magn etic field acts o n mag net’s mag n etic field .

• In crease in fo rce.

• Curren t in creases.

• Stro n g er mag net u sed .

• Wire len g th in field increases.

• Rev ersal o f fo rce.

• Rev ersing current.

• Rev ersing p o les o f magn et.

• Force d irectio n ru le.

• Fleming ’s left—h and rule.

• Thu mb , first, & seco n d fin g er held at righ t an gles from each o th er.

• Force in d irectio n of th u mb.

• Mag n et’s mag netic field in d irectio n o f first fin ger.

• Con v en tio n al cu rren t in directio n o f seco nd fin ger.

• Turn in g effect o n co il.

• Coil tu rns if p laced in magn etic field & current ru n th ro u g h.

• Directio n of tu rn in acco rd an ce with Flemin g’s left—h an d ru le.

• Up ward fo rce o n o ne side.

• Do wnward force o n oth er sid e.

• D.C. mo to r.

• Direct current.

• Coiled cop p er wire free to ro tate b etween mag net.

• Commu tato r fix ed to coil & rotates with it.

• Split rin gs.

• Commu tato r chan ges cu rren t d irectio n when co il sh oo ts v ertical.

• Forces ch an g e d irectio n & co il co n tin ues tu rn in g.

• Carbo n b ru sh es rub again st co mmu tato r & co n n ect co il to b attery.

• Turn in g effect h ig h est wh en co il h orizo n tal.

• No fo rce when co il vertical.

• This p o sitio n always o versh ot by co mmu tato r.

• In creasing turning effect.

• In creasing cu rren t.

• Using stro n g er mag n et.

• In creasing n u mber of tu rn s in co il.

• In creasing area o f co il.

• Rev ersing rotatio n .

• Rev ersing current.

• Rev ersing p o les o f magn et.

• Electromagn etic in du ctio n.

• EMF generated wh en wire mov ed acro ss mag n etic field.

• Curren t can b e in d u ced & measu red by g alvano meter.

• Farad ay ’s law of electromagn etic in du ctio n.

• EMF in du ced ∝ Rate at wh ich magn etic field lin es are cu t

• In creasing cu rren t.

• Mo ving wire faster.

• Using stro n g er mag n et.

• In creasing len gth of wire in mag netic field .

• Loo p in g th e wire several times.

• Rev ersing d irectio n.

• Mo ving wire in op p o site d irectio n.

• Rev ersing field d irectio n .

• EMF also gen erated if bar magn et p u sh ed in to coil.

• No in d uced current if mag n et h eld still.

• No field lines are cut.

• Len z’s law.

• In d u ced cu rren t flo ws in o p po sin g directio n o f ch an ge wh ich p rod u ced it.

• In creasing cu rren t.

• Mo ving magn et faster.

• Using stro n g er mag n et.

• In creasing n u mber of tu rn s in co il.

• Rev ersing d irectio n.

• Mo ving magn et o ut o f coil.

• Mo ving rev ersed mag net into co il.

• Force d irectio n ru le.

• Fleming ’s righ t—h and rule.

• Thu mb , first, & seco n d fin g er held at righ t an gles from each o th er.

• Mo vemen t in directio n o f thu mb .

• Mag n et’s mag netic field in d irectio n o f first fin ger.

• Con v en tio n al in du ced cu rrent in d irection o f seco n d fin g er.

• A.C. g enerato r.

• Altern atin g cu rren t.

• Coiled cop p er wire free to ro tate b etween mag net.

• Slip rin gs fixed to co il & ro tates with it.

• Carbo n b ru sh es rub again st co mmu tato r & co n n ect co il to o utsid e of circuit.

• Mag n etic field lin es cut when co il ro tated .

• Each sid e of coil trav els forwards & b ack ward s alternativ ely.

• Curren t h ig hest when co il ho rizo n tal.

• No cu rren t when co il vertical.

• In creasing EMF.

• In creasing n u mber of tu rn s in co il.

• In creasing ares o f co il.

• Using stro n g er mag n et.

• Rotating coil faster.

• Rev ersing rotatio n .

• Rev ersing rotatio n .

• Rev ersing p o les o f magn et.