VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA- 590018

BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Department of Electronics and Communication

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 Technical Seminar Title :

Hawk-Eye: Augmented Reality in Sports

Broadcasting and Officiating
Submitted By:
AMRUTH N
1BY17EC014
Under the guidance of:
Dr. Ambika R
Professor
Dept. of ECE BMSIT
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 Hawk-Eye: Augmented Reality in Sports Broadcasting
ABSTRACT:
● In the past few decades, skepticism about umpiring follies hasn’t waned. In the world of
sports, where stakes are increasing by every passing minute, and an erroneous line-call can
mean a change of fortunes, there is an increasing reliance on technology to ensure that all
arbitrations are unbiased.
● The HAWKEYE is one of the most commonly used technologies in the game of cricket
and tennis today. It has been put to various uses, such as providing a way to collect
interesting statistics, generating very suggestive visual representations of the gameplay,
and even helping viewers better understand the umpiring decisions, especially in LBWs.
● While the system provides for things we see every day on television, there is awe-inspiring
technology going into it, which many of us are oblivious to.

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 MOTIVATION

Everyone watches live sports broadcasted on TV, but not

many will know the basic functioning behind a crucial

ere
decision made by the referee in a game.
One wrong decision can overturn a game which can
frustrate viewers and the players. Hence Hawk-Eye is
used. It predicts the outcome of a particular scenario with
99% accuracy.
Hence this decision cannot be argued by anyone since it
always makes a proper decision and keeps the game
unbiased

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 04 07

INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS ADVANTAGES

02 05 08

LITERATURE WORKING DISADVANTAGES

SURVEY

03 06 09
PRINCIPLE APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION

● Hawk-Eye is a computer system used in cricket, tennis,

snookers and other sports to visually track the path of
the ball and display a record of its most statistically likely
path as a moving image

● Hawk-Eye as the most innovative technology provider in

sports broadcasting and is a development that will reinforce
the group's presence and influence.

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LITERATURE SURVEY

● According to Paul Mcllroy [1], He uncovers the machine vision technology behind the verdict on the
big screen. He describes how the International Tennis Federation tested and accredited the system as an
officiating aid and the technical challenges overcome to meet their stringent criteria for accuracy and
reliability.
● Baljinder SINGH BAL [2], showcases the applications of Hawk-Eye in various sports and in depth
analysis of number of cameras placed around the ground to help hawk-eye predict a correct decision.
● Anjali Mysore Vijayakumar, Hitesh Anand[3], presented a 7 step process for a hawk-eye to predict a
decision, i.e Camera Calibration, Start Procession, Ball Recognition, Geometry Algorithm, 3D position
of Ball, Track of the ball, Predicted flight of the ball.
● Manish Duggal[4], proposed that hawk-eye is based on the principle of triangulation. It is the process
of determining the location of a point by forming triangles to it from known points.

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PRINCIPLE
• Hawk-Eye system is based
on the principle of ”Triangulation”

• Triangulation is the process of determining

the location of a point by measuring
angles to it from known points at either
end of a fixed baseline.

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 COMPONENTS

The hawk eye system consists of two

significant parts

Tracking System.
Camera
Speed gun

Video Replay System.

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HAWK EYE CAMERA

● Hawkeye cameras are placed high above the court to track

the trajectory (path followed) of the ball.

● It can point out the bounce of the ball up to the precision of

3mm.

● The cameras record the movement of ball at the rate of 60

frames per second.

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SPEED GUN

● A speed gun measures the ball speed.

● It shoots a very short burst of

infra-red laser and receives it back.

● The gun, counts the nanoseconds it took for the light to

travel to and from the ball, divides it by two and gives the
speed of the ball.

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VIDEO RELAY SYSTEMS

● The Hawk-Eye System can incorporate more video replay

cameras for analysis from different angles, which can be
controlled remotely.

● The video is captured and stored digitally on hard disks.

● This uses display unit like monitor and projector screens.

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WORKING

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CAMERA CALIBRATION

● Uses 6 cameras placed as shown.

● Each cameras are positioned at 60degree roughly from
each other.
● 6 cameras are designed according to their distance
from pitch.
● Each camera covers smaller region for accuracy.

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START PROCESSING
● It include loading of statistical generator, which is used to
produce status based on data collected.

CORE IMAGE PROCESSING

● This part of the system can be further divided into 3 major parts:

1. Identifying pixels representing the ball in each image.

2. Applying some geometric algorithm on the set of Images at each
instant.
3. Coming up with the 3D position of the ball in space.

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IDENTIFYING
● Done by process called Blob detection.
● Blob detection senses the size of the ball.
● It negates the confusion of the ball shadow which may be
confused with the ball pixel by comparing the ball position in
previous images &position of the sun at that instant.

GEOMETRIC ALGORITHM
● Data of x & y coordinates in each camera is obtained by
geometric algorithm which is used inside hawk-eye system.

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 3D POSITION OF THE BALL
● 2D images captured from each cameras are combined to get a
3D position of the ball.

TRACKING THE BALL

● 3D images are taken at various instance of time.

PREDICTION OF FLIGHT
● 3D Images collected at various instants are put together to form
a single picture, which shows the trajectory of the ball.

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 APPLICATIONS OF HAWK EYE IN CRICKET

LBW DECISION WAGON WHEEL DESPIN

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 APPLICATIONS OF HAWK EYE IN CRICKET

PITCH MAP BALL SPEED REACTION TIME

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 APPLICATIONS OF HAWK EYE
TENNIS MILITARY
The hawk eye technology
is used to retrieve the
enemy locations from far
away distance without
coming to their notice. The
E-2C aircraft used by US
army uses this technology.
AUTOMOBILE
Hawk-eye technology is used
for wheel aligning in
automobiles.It offers shops
the multiple benefits of
precision, high-speed
alignment and greater
productivity
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 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

● Give a prediction as accurate as ● The system is too costly.

99.99 percent.
● The system needs complex
● Its a very effective system which arrangements.
works in real time.
● Sometimes Hawk-Eye struggle with
● Minimize the chances of human predicting the curved trajectory of
error in decision making. a cricket ball after bouncing.

● Help players to study their past ● Sometimes it challenges umpires

games and improve dignity.

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CONCLUSION

● After all the test that have been conducted on this technology,
it has always come out successful and it promises to be a boon
for the world of sports and now it is up to the different
councils to decide whether to use this technology or not.
● This technology has met the high reality and accuracy
features.
● Hawk-Eye is currently developing a system for Football
● This technology helps to have correct decisions in any kind of
game.

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REFERENCES

1) Hawk-Eye: Augmented reality in sports broadcasting and officiating(IEEE),

Paul McIlroy
2) Hawk Eye: A Logical Innovative Technology Use in Sports for Effective
Decision Making, Baljinder SINGH Bal
3) Survey on Hawkeye Technology, Anjali Mysore Vijayakumar, Hitesh Anand
4) “Hawkeye technology“ -Journal of global research computer science and
technology ,ISSN:2349-5170 DOI : July 2014, Manish Duggal
5) http://www.hawkeyeinnovations.co.uk/
6) http://singularityhub.com/2011/03/09/hawk-eye-augments-referees-with-
computers-professional-sports-are-evolving/

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 ANY THANK YOU
QUERIES ?

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