Introduction to Animals (Warm-Up!

• 5.1.1 Describe characteristics that all animals Warm - up

share
• 5.1.2 Describe the essential functions that
animals must perform to survive
• 5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan Differentiate between animals and plants and
between animals and bacteria.

Chapter 24, lesson 1

.

1. I can describe the common characteristics shared

by all animals, including key traits that distinguish
them from other organisms.
2. I can explain the essential functions necessary for
an animal's survival.
3. I can recognize how structural adaptations support
different functions in diverse animal species.
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 What is an Animal?

 Characteristics shared
by all members in
kingdom animalia:
• Heterotrophic
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Cells lack cell walls

5.1.1 Describe characteristics that all animals share do I

 Invertebrates and Chordates

Animals are often classified into two broad categories: invertebrates and
chordates.
Invertebrates include all animals that lack a backbone, or vertebral column.

This category lumps together organisms that lack a characteristic, rather than those
that share a characteristic, invertebrates do not form a clade or any other kind of true
category in the system of biological classification. Invertebrates are the largest
taxonomic groups of animals. Invertebrates include sea stars, worms, jellyfishes,
and insects.

5.1.1 Describe characteristics that all animals share do I

 Chordates
These species are members of the clade commonly known as phylum Chordata. All
chordates exhibit four characteristics during at least one stage of life: a dorsal, hollow
nerve cord; a notochord; a tail that extends beyond the anus; and pharyngeal pouches.

Nerve cord

Tail
Notochord Pharyngeal
pouches
5.1.1 Describe characteristics that all animals share do I
 Chordates

1. Hollow nerve cord runs along the dorsal, or back, part of the body. Nerves branch from this cord
at intervals.
2. The notochord is a long supporting rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord.
3. At some point in their lives, all chordates have a tail that extends beyond the anus.
4. Pharyngeal pouches are paired structures in the throat region, which is also called the pharynx.
In some chordates, such as fishes, slits develop that connect pharyngeal pouches to the outside
of the body. Pharyngeal pouches may develop into gills used for gas exchange.

Chordates with backbones are called vertebrates. Vertebrates include fishes, amphibians,
reptiles and birds, and mammals.

Watch the video Phylum Chordata-Which animals belong?

5.1.1 Describe characteristics that all animals share do I

 Essential Functions in Animals

• Maintain homeostasis
• Gather and respond to information
• Obtain and distribute oxygen and nutrients
• Collect and eliminate carbon dioxide and other
wastes

• Why isn’t “reproduce” on this list if it is so

important?
• Answer: An individual does not need to reproduce to
survive.
5.1.2 Describe the essential functions that animals must perform to survive do I
 An Animal Body Plan

• Each animal phylum has a unique organization of particular body structures that is
often referred to as a body plan.
• Features of an animal body plan:
 Levels of organization
 Body symmetry
 Patterns of embryological development
 Segmentation
 Cephalization
 Limb formation

5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan do I

 Levels of organization

5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan do I

 Levels of organization

• Features of animal
body plans provide
scientists with
information for
building the
cladogram, or
phylogenetic tree,
of animals.
• What
characteristic do
all of the animal
groups have in
common?
• Answer:
multicellularity

Single-celled animal ancestor

5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan do I
 Body Symmetry

Planes of symmetry
Posterior end
Dorsal
side

Ventral
side
Anterior
end
Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan do I

 Body Symmetry

• Point out that the bodies of most animals exhibit some type of symmetry.
• Some animals, such as the sea anemone shown on the left, have body parts that extend outward from the center, like the
spokes of a bicycle wheel. These animals exhibit radial symmetry, in which any number of imaginary planes drawn
through the center of the body could divide it into equal halves.
• Most successful animal groups exhibit bilateral symmetry, in which a single imaginary plane divides the body into left
and right sides that are mirror images of each other.

• When a person rides a horse, what side of the horse is he or she sitting on?
• Answer: the dorsal side

5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan do I

 Patterns of embryological development
(Body Cavity Formation)
• During embryological development, the cells of most
animal embryos differentiate into three layers called germ
layers.
• Cells of the endoderm, or innermost germ layer, develop
into the linings of the digestive tract and much of the
respiratory system.
• Cells of the mesoderm, or middle layer, give rise to
muscles and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems.
• The ectoderm, or outermost layer, produces sense
organs, nerves, and the outer layer of the skin.

5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan do I

 Patterns of embryological development
(Body Cavity Formation)
• Most animals have some kind of body cavity—a fluid-
filled space between the digestive tract and body wall. A
body cavity provides a space in which internal organs can
be suspended and room for those organs to grow.
• Most complex animal phyla have a true coelom, a body
cavity that develops within the mesoderm and is
completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
• Some invertebrates have only a primitive jellylike layer
between the ectoderm and endoderm.
• Other invertebrates lack a body cavity altogether and are
called acoelomates. Still other invertebrate groups have a
pseudocoelom, which is only partially lined with
mesoderm.

5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan do I

 Answer the below questions on class kick

1. What is the correct sequence of levels of organization in the body plan of an animal?
A. Organs → Cells → Tissues → Organ Systems
B. Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems
C. Tissues → Cells → Organ Systems → Organs
D. Organ Systems → Organs → Cells → Tissues

2. Which body symmetry is characterized by similar parts arranged around a central axis, like a pie or a wheel?
A. Radial symmetry
B. Asymmetry
C. Bilateral symmetry
D. Spherical symmetry

3. What is the term for the development of an animal from a fertilized egg through a series of stages to the adult form?
A. Metamorphosis
B. Differentiation
C. Embryogenesis
D. Maturation

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5.1.3 Identify features of animal body plan
 Tasks
Group Task Individual Task

Thinking time Full sentences Discuss

Complete the interactivity on
Assign each group a specific chordate
characteristic (nerve cord, notochord, SAVVAS
tail, or pharyngeal pouches).
Instruct groups to quickly research and
become "experts" on their assigned
characteristic and one selected member
will explain to the class.

Want A Challenge!
Need Help! Research: Gather information about the three germ
layers in humans and identify the organs that are
Watch this video derived from each layer.

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Give an Opinion! Do you Agree? do eCan you Build On? Will you Challenge? do u
 Progress Check (Independent)

Let’s see how well you got today’s lesson!

Quizizz to Assess the Learning

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 Reflection

Lesson Self-Reflection (Review of Lesson)

1.I can describe the common characteristics shared by all

animals, including key traits that distinguish them from
other organisms.
2.I can explain the essential functions necessary for an
animal's survival.
3.I can recognize how structural adaptations support different
functions in diverse animal species.
On Teams ‘Reflect’ rate your understanding of today’s lesson and
answer any two of the ‘Levels of Reflection’ questions, to discover
more about you as a learner.

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