Module 2

ICT Policies and Issues:

Implications to Teaching
and Learning.
Would your life as a Teacher be also influenced by the new
technologies?

Should we leave our lives to be controlled by technology or

should we control utilization of technology in our lives?
How?
Definition of ICT Policy
The Oxford English Dictionary has defined “policy” as a course of action, adopted and
pursued by a government, party, ruler, statesman. It is any course of action adopted as
expedient and advantageous. Its operational definition of policy is a plan of action to
guide decisions and achieve outcomes.

Thus, ICT Policies are needed to put a roadmap or course of actions to be pursued and
adopted by various governments, organizations, entities involving ICT. These include
principles and guidelines in the use of ICT which cover three main areas:
telecommunications (telephone), broadcasting (radio and television) and Internet.
The New ICT Technologies
More recent technological innovations increased the reach and
speed of communications which can be grouped into three
categories:

1. Information Technology
2. Telecommunication technologies
3. Networking technologies
1. Information Technology-
includes the use of computers, which has become indispensable
in modern societies to process data and save time and effort. What
are needed will be computer hardware and peripherals, software
and for the user, computer literacy.
2. Telecommunication technologies
include telephones (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and
television often through satellites. Telephone system, radio and TV
broadcasting are needed in this category.
3. Networking technologies
the best known of networking technologies is Internet, but has
extended to mobile phone technology, Voice Over Internet Protocol
(VOIP) satellite communications and other forms of
communication are still in their infancy. In addition to Internet, this
category also includes mobile telephone, cable, DSL, satellite and
other broadband.
 Some Issues on ICT and Internet Policy and
Regulations
Global Issues
Assess and Civil Liberties are two sets of issues in ICT Policy which
are crucial to the modern society. The other concern is civil liberties which
refer to human rights and freedom. These include freedom of expression,
the right to privacy, the right to communicate and intellectual property
rights.
 Assess to the Use of Internet and ICT. Assess means the possibility for
everyone to use the Internet and other media. In richer countries, basic access
to internet is almost available to all with faster broadband connections. There
are still countries where access to internet is still a challenge.

Infringement to Civil Liberties or Human Rights. What are specific

internet issues on internet policy that have relationship to civil liberties or
human rights?

Let’s study the examples that follow:

Issue No. 1: Freedom of Expression and Censorship
Under international human rights conventions, all people are
guaranteed the rights for free expression. However, with the shift
from communicating and on-line networking, a need to look into
how these new means modifies the understanding of freedom of
expression and censorship.
 The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that
everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
religion, likewise the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
However there are practices that violate these provisions in the use
of internet.

Some examples are the following:

 1. Individual rights are given up in order to have access to electronic
networks.
2. Censorship restricts the transmission of information by blocking it or
filtering the information.

WARNING!!!!
“When you are surfing the web, you may think you are anonymous, but there are various
ways that information about you and your activities can be collected without your
consent.”

3. Defamation actions may be used to silence critics. This action deters the
freedom of expression.
Issue No.2: Privacy and Security
Privacy policies are an issue. Most commercial sites have a
privacy policy. When someone uses a site and clicks “I agree”
button, it is as if you have turned over private information to any
authority that may access it.
There are several types of privacy as shown by the following
examples:

1. For most, privacy means “personal privacy” the right of individuals not to
have their home, private life or personal life interfered with.

2. Privacy of communication refers to the protection from interference with

communication over the phone or internet. Respect for privacy of
communications is an essential prerequisite for the maintenance of human
relationship via technological communications media.
3. Information privacy is related to the use of computers and communications
system which are able to hold and process information about large numbers of
people at a high speed. It is important to ensure that information will only be
used for purposes for which it was gathered and will not be disclosed to others
without consent of the individuals.
Issue No.3: Surveillance and Data Retention

The use of electronic communications has enhanced the

development of indirect surveillance. In the indirect surveillance,
there is no direct between the agent and the subject of
surveillance but evidence of activities can be traced.
Dataveillance-
The new and powerful form of indirect surveillance.
It is the use of personal information to monitor a person’s activities.

Data Retention-
is the storage and use of information from communication
systems.

Counter surveillance or Information Security-

A little way that can be done to prevent surveillance.
It refers to computers and electronic communication.
Issue No. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste

Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT. These are in particular,

terminal equipments used for computing (PCs, laptops), broadcasting
(television and radiosets), telephony (fixed and mobile phones), and
peripherals (fax machines, printers and scanners).

Remedies include standardization and regulatory measures to increase the

life cycle of equipment before they become obsolete. Efficient extraction of
toxic components and requiring the recycling by both consumers and
equipment vendors are selling must be required.
 Implications to Teaching and Learning

FOR THE TEACHERS AND TEACHING

1. Guide the teachers on what they should teach that relate to ICT, and how
to teach it. Since ICT development comes so rapid and fast, teachers might be
overwhelmed by its rapid speed. Temperance in its use is a caution that should
be looked at.
 2. Technology should never replace any human teacher. The tools are
support instructional materials for the teachers which are available for use.
The teacher should learn how to appropriately use them. The human touch of
the teacher is still a vital component in teaching. Teachers should always be
reminded that there are always limitations in the use of the different gadget
and tools.
 3. There are rules and regulations that govern the use of technology.
Caution should be observed to protect individual privacy. As teachers, you
must be aware that the use of technology may jeopardize your privacy and
security.

4. All issues and many more shall be part of the teaching content as each
teacher will be encouraged to use technology in teaching.
 Implications to Teaching and Learning

FOR THE LEARNERS AND LEARNING

The learners of the 21st Century are even more advanced than some of the
teachers. However, learners still need guidance on how to use, regulate
technology use. As there are positive and negative effects of technology use,
learners should know the difference.
Learners should not only know the benefits of technology use, but they
should also know how they can be protected from the hazards that technology
brings to their lives.
 Learners should take advantage of the potential of learning support they
can derive such as the development of higher order thinking skills, the
development of learning communities through collaboration, the enhancement
of skills to manage the vast resources as 21st century learners and many more.

Both the teachers and learners should be mindful of the e-waste that are
being thrown away to the land and to the atmosphere. Thus, safety in the use
of technology shall be presented in the next lesson.
TASK!
Assume yourself as an investigator who would like to inform your learners and co-teachers
about the current issues on technology use:
Search the web and find out articles or cases about:

A. Freedom of Expression and Censorship

B. Privacy and Data Retention
C. Surveillance and Data Retention
D. E-pollutants from e-waste
E. Disinformation and Misinformation
F.Environmental Impact
Choose only one or two articles or cases that you will work on. Use the template below
to answer.
Title of the Issue: (A, B, C, D, E, F) Ex. Privacy and Security
Title of the Article:__________________________
Source: ______________________
Author: __________________

Summary Narrative:

What lesson have you learned?

What suggestions can you offer?

Submitted by: Names and Section of the Students

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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION