ETHICAL TERMINOLOGIES

GEC 8 – Ethics
OBJECTIVE
 Identify the ethical aspect of human life and the scope of
ethical thinking.
 Define and explain the terms that are relevant to ethical
thinking
SHORT ACTIVITY
 Some Value judgments are not part of Ethics

 Identify if the following situations are under Ethical Valuation or

not. Write E if it is part of ethics and NE if it is not part of
ethics.
1. The song played in the jeep is bad because it has lewd and malicious
lyrics not appropriate for public hearing.
2. Jenny is a good girl because she plays the piano very well.
3. It is bad to unplug the computer without shutting it off first.
4. Johnny did a good thing to tell the truth about who committed the
crime to solve the case.
5. Blaine can be considered as a person with principle because he does
not feed his family using money from illegal businesses.
6. Maggie is not a good cook because her dishes does not taste good.
7. It is not right that the fork is in your right hand and the spoon is in
your left hand, it is not proper.
8. It is not good that she is picking her nose in a public area
TYPES OF VALUATION
 Aesthetics – from Greek “aisthesis” (sense or feeling)
 Judgments of personal approval or disapproval that we make about what
we sense

 Etiquette – concerned with right or wrong actions but might be

considered not grave enough to belong to a discussion on ethics.

 Technical – right or wrong technique of doing things

 Ethical – concerning morality or immorality of an action

ETHICS AND MORALS

 Moral – used to refer to specific beliefs or attitudes

that people have or to describe acts that people
perform.

 Ethics – discipline of studying and understanding

ideal human behavior and ideal ways of thinking.
DESCRIPTIVE AND NORMATIVE

 Descripted study of ethics

 Reports how people,
particularly groups, make
their moral valuations
without making any
judgment either for or
against these valuations.

 Normative study of Ethics

 Prescribes what we ought
to maintain as our
standards or bases for
moral valuation
ISSUE, DECISION, JUDGMENT, AND DILEMMA

 Moral issue – a situation which calls for moral valuation

 Moral decision – when one is placed in a situation and

confronted by the choice of what act to perform
 Moral Judgment – when a
person is an observer who
makes an assessment on the
actions or behavior of
someone.

 Moral Dilemma – when one is

torn between choosing one of
two goods or choosing
between the lesser of two
evils.
REASONING
 Punishment and Reward

 Principles – rationally established grounds by which one

justifies and maintains her moral decision and judgments

 Moral theory – a systematic attempt to establish the validity

of maintaining certain moral principles

 Framework – theory of interconnected ideas, structure

through which we can evaluate our reasons for valuing a
certain decision or judgment
 SOCRATES
“it is the greatest good for a person to spend time thinking about
and discussing with others these questions on goodness and virtue”