CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

From 1930 to 1947

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 GROUP MEMBERS

• Muhammad Dawood CS-325

• Luqman CS-313
• Saad Rauf CS-327
• Abdul Raheem CS-303
• Hafiza Kainat CS-309

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FROM 1930 TO 1933

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 ALLAHABAD ADDRESS BY
ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL 1930
• The speech was given on 29 December 1930, in 25 th
session of AIML at Allahabad.
• Campaigned for establishment of separate state for
Muslim in North Western India.
• Concept of Separate States
• First politician give the Two Nation Theory.
• Muslim majority province
• As permanent solution to Muslim Hindu problems,
Iqbal proposed that Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan
and Bengal should be one state.
• Dreamer of Pakistan ALPINE SKI HOUSE 4
 ALLAHABAD ADDRESS
Reaction Of Hindus And The British
The Hindus and the British criticized a
lot on Iqbal’s address. The Hindus
declared it the dream of a mad man or
a poet, not that of a sensible man. They
said that this was an illegal solution
and could not be practiced in the sub-
continent.
Importance Of Allahabad Address
It was the desire of the Muslims that
they should be acknowledged as a
separate identity. Allama Iqbal’s
Allahabad address clearly reveals this
fact. The Muslims could not tolerate
that their religious, political and social
rights should be denied to them.
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ROUND TABLE
CONFERENCES
From 1930 to 1932

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 ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

• Background
• Government of India Act 1919 Hindus was not satisfy.
• Simon Commission Report Hindus also rejected, Hindus demand self Government for the people of India.
• British refused to accept, then Hindus started civil disobedience after that British said so make you own constitution.
• Hindus give Nehru Report of 1928.
• Quaid-e-Azam given 14 points.

• Objective
The primary objective of the Round Table Conferences was to discuss constitutional reforms for India and to find a consensus among
Indian political leaders and British authorities on the future governance of the country.

• Participants
The conferences included representatives from different political parties and communities in India, such as the Indian National Congress,
the All India Muslim League, the Sikhs, and others. However, the Congress party boycotted the second Round Table Conference.

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 FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• The first conference took place in November 1930 and continued until January
1931, in Royal Gallery House of Lords at London.

• In this conference Muslim leaders i.e., Quaid Azam, Sir Muhammad Shafi,
Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Zafarullah khan participated.

• The members of congress were absent because most of them were in jail and
rest busy in civil disobedience campaign.

• Hindus demanded powerful central government.

• Muslims demanded for separate electorate.

• It included discussions on the representation of various communities, minority

rights, secure majorities in Panjab and Bengal and the framework for a future
constitution for India.
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 FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• Outcome
First round table conference end without any exact conclusion.

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 SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• The second conference was held from September to December

1931.
• This time Allama Iqbal was also invited to this conference.
• Mr. Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress.
• This conference failed to make any progress either, because
Gandhi refused to assist the Muslim demand and interests.
• He even against the already settled issue of separate electorate,
for the Muslims.
• British government were favor of separate electorate as a
“Communal Award” on 16th August 1932.
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 SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• Outcome
Second round table conference is also failure, many disagreement and conflict among participants.

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 THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• The third and final conference took place from November

1932 to December 1932.
• Once again Congress absent from the conference.
• Quaid-e-Azam also do not participate even he was in London,
because of Communal Award.
• Muslims continued to demand remaining powers given to the
provinces.
• The British government issued the Government of India Act
1935 based on the discussions and agreements reached during
these conferences.

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 THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• Outcome
The British Govt. issued a White paper based on the recommendation of all three conferences from
the different parties which is known as Government of India Act 1935.

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Next Member (Muhammad Dawood)
From
1934 to 1937

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 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

From 1934 to 1937

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 FORMATION OF ALL INDIA KISAN SABHA

In 1934, the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was formed to

represent the interests of peasants and farmers. It played a
role in advocating for agrarian reforms and addressing issues
faced by rural communities.

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Provincial Federal System
Autonomy Introduced

GIA 1935

Number of Dyarchy
Voters removed from
Increased Province
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HOUSE
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 Dyarchy British Empower
Reintroduced at Viceroy
Federal Level
GIA 1935
Analysis

British Governor
Elite class only
intervene in
Legislation
vote
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 Nehro mentions GIA
1935 as the “Charter of
slavery” and compare it
with a “Machine with
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

all brakes,no engine”.

Jinnah called it,
“Thoroughly rotten,
fundamentally bad and
totally unacceptable”.
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 ELECTIONS 1937

The elections were held in January and February of 1937.congress won the absolute
majority in the five provinces and was the largest province in four other. It was
invited to united provinces, the central provinces, Bihar, Orissa, madras, Bombay
and later, Assam and the three remaining provinces(Punjab, Sindh and Bengal)
where there was a Muslim majority, the league did not fare well. it won only 109
out of 482 seats while on the other hand congress won huge number of votes,
however, which seats reserved for Muslims. The election had not been a success for
the muslin league

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 REASON BEHIND MUSLIM LEAGUE PERFORMANCE BAD
IN ELECTION 1937

Reason behind Muslim league performance in election 1937 The Muslims league
did not do well in the elections of 1937 because of three reasons Because of Jinnah's
voluntary exile Because of less experienced leaders and the last Because of less
political amongst people

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Lack of unity.
Lack of Planning.
Lack of Political Manifesto.
Lack of Party Funds.

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 MUSLIMS REJECTED CONGRESS GOVERNMENT

 Azaan was banned.

 Congress adopted BandeMatram as National anthem.
 Hindi announced as Official language of India.
 Widdiia Mandir Policy was introduced in educational institute to convert
students to Hinduism.
 Muslims were forbidden to slaughter cow.
 Now clear that Congress is typically a Hindu Party.

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Next Member (Luqman)
From
1938 to 1941

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POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PAKISTAN

From 1938 to 1941

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 1938

• All India Muslim League (AIML) demanded separate electorates for Muslims.
• AIML passed the Lahore Resolution, also known as the Pakistan Resolution, advocating
for a separate Muslim state.
• The political landscape witnessed growing tension between Muslim and Hindu leaders.
• AIML gained momentum as the voice of Muslim interests in British India.

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 1939

• The outbreak of World War II shifted the focus of political leaders towards supporting the
British war effort.
• Some Muslim leaders, like Muhammad Ali Jinnah, continued to press for Muslim rights
within the framework of a united India.
• The Congress Party's refusal to cooperate with the British government led to a political
deadlock.
• The Muslim League gained popularity among Muslims, positioning itself as the sole
representative of their interests.

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 1940

• The Muslim League held its annual session in Lahore, where the Lahore Resolution was
formally adopted, demanding a separate homeland for Muslims.
• The resolution laid the groundwork for the creation of Pakistan.
• Jinnah's leadership within the Muslim League strengthened, as he emerged as the driving
force behind the demand for Pakistan.
• The Lahore Resolution marked a significant shift in the political landscape, with the
demand for a separate Muslim state becoming a central issue.

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 1941

• The Muslim League intensified its efforts to rally support for the idea of Pakistan among
Muslims across British India.
• Jinnah continued to negotiate with British authorities, seeking their support for the
creation of Pakistan.
• The Congress Party, under Gandhi and Nehru, remained opposed to the idea of partition
and continued to advocate for a united India.
• The political situation became increasingly polarized between supporters and opponents
of Pakistan, laying the groundwork for the eventual partition of British India.

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Next Member (Hafiza Kainat)
From 1942 to 1944

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POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PAKISTAN

From 1942 to 1944

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 WHAT HAPPENING IN 1942?
SEVERAL KEYS EVENT

• Cripps mission MARCH 1942

• BACKGROUND:
• CONSTITUITIONAL PROPASAL FOR SEEKING OFINDIAN
COOPERATION FOR WAR EFFORTS:
• DOMINION STATUS 3 PRINCELY STATES WOULD
REPRESENTED
• INDIAN CONSTITIUITIONAL BODY TO FRAME
CONSTITUITION
• CONGRESS REJECTED PROPOSAL
• QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT 1942
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 WHAT HAPPENED 1N 1943?

• THE BEGNING OF COLD WAR:

• THE TEHRAN CONFRENCE:(NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1943):
• It was conference between three countries:
• 1GRAND ALLIANCE
• 2SOVIET UNION
• 3USA and Britain

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WHY DID THIS CONFERENCE TAKE PLACE
IN TEHRAN?

BACK GROUND:

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 PURPOSE OF THIS CONFERENCE

• Towards end of 1943 The war situation started to look promising for
those in grand alliance The three countries were now able to look
forward The destruction of GERMONEY and its allies.
• AGGREMENTS OF THIS CONFRENCE BY THREE COUNTRIES:

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 WHAT HAPPENED IN 1994?

• GANDHI TALK WITH JINNAH IN 1994:

• BACKGROUND

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 PURPOSE OF GANDHI TO MEET JINNAH

• PROCESS

• CONCLUSION:
From 1942-1944 Tehran witnessed a transformative period, a pivotal
diplomatic event shaping world war2 strategies.

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Next Member (Saad Rauf)
From 1945 to 1947

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Critically analyze the political development
from 1945 to 1947

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 Partition of British India
Partition of British India and the creation of two independent nations:
India and Pakistan.
Several key events
 End of British Colonial Rule
 Elections of 1945-46
 Direct Action Day (1946)
 Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
 Mountbatten Plan and Partition (1947)
 Conclusion

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 End of British Colonial Rule
 Background
 Impact on Pakistan

 Elections of 1945-46
 Process
 Outcome

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 Direct action day (1946)
 Events
 Consequences

 Cabinet mission plan (1946)

 Proposal
 Rejection

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  Mountbatten plan and partition (1947)
 Decision
 Implementation

 Conclusion
 The impasse between the demands of the Muslim League and the Congress Party.
 The legacy of this period is complex, laying the foundation for the state of
Pakistan but also setting the stage for ongoing conflicts and
challenges in the region.

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THANK YOU!

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