Mobile Application

Development
Dr. G. Prabu Kanna
 Mobile App Development

• Mobile app development is a process for building mobile

applications that run on mobile devices.

• These applications can either be pre-installed or downloaded and

installed by the user later.

• The mobile app development process requires creating software that

can be installed on the device, and enabling backend services for
data access through APIs, and testing the application on target
devices.
 Mobile App Development Lifecycle

• There are over 3.5 billion smartphone users worldwide, so there is

no doubt that the industry is healthy and thriving.

• Stats are growing steadily, without any indications of slowing down.

 Mobile App Development Lifecycle
There are some more statistics to keep in mind.

•People spend over half of the time they spend with digital media on
mobile.

•Smartphone users spend 90% of their screen-on time using mobile

apps.

•Revenue from mobile apps is set to cross $693 billion in 2021.

•The average consumer has over 30 apps installed on their device.

•An average user spends about 35 hours per month using mobile apps.
 Mobile App Development Lifecycle
• The statistics are motivating for anyone who wishes to build or develop a mobile
app.
• The fact also states that your app will be competing with over 1.5 million
applications on the Google Play Store and Apple’s App Store .
A brief history of mobile phones and their
evolution over the years

• Today, many of us couldn’t imagine our lives without mobile

phones.

• They come in all shapes and sizes, with multiple features designed
to satisfy our daily needs for communication and socialization, as
well as a multitude of others.

• A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the

early stages of radio engineering.
A brief history of mobile phones and their
evolution over the years

•In 1917, Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a "pocket-
size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone".

•Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio

communications from ships and trains.

•The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World
War II, with developments taking place in many countries.
A brief history of mobile phones and their
evolution over the years
•The first handheld cellular mobile phone was demonstrated by John F.
Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset
weighing 2 kilograms.

Martin Cooper of Motorola,

made the first publicized handheld
mobile phone call on a prototype
DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973.
A brief history of mobile phones and their
evolution over the years
• The first commercial automated cellular network (1G) analog was
launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979.

• These first-generation (1G) systems could support far more

simultaneous calls but still used analog cellular technology. In 1983,
the DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld
mobile phone.

• Martin Cooper, an executive at Motorola, picked up the large device

one that only worked for 30 minutes of chatting after a 10-hour charge.

• The first mobile generation, 1G, emerged in the 1980s.

These analog cellular networks allowed for basic voice
calls and had limited coverage.
 History
It took about 10 years to make the phone
Cooper used for the first call available to
the commercial public.

In 1983, Motorola released the DynaTAC

which was still bulky and heavy and cost
approximately $4,000
 2G
• It In 1991, the second-generation (2G) digital cellular technology was
launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM standard.

• This sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged

the incumbent 1G network operators.

• The 2G network also allowed us to transfer data bits from one phone to
another, enabling access to media content on cellphones such as ring
tones.

• 2G’s data transferring completely changed how we communicate by

introducing text messages (SMS) and multimedia messages (MMS) as
new forms of communication.
 2G
• “Candy bar phones” also became popular during the 2G era, with Nokia
in the lead producing popular cellphones such as the Nokia 3210.

• Considered one of the most compelling cellphones Nokia ever built, the
3210 model sold over 160 million units

• 2G systems, introduced in the early 1990s, marked the shift to digital

technology. This era saw the advent of GSM (Global System for
Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple
Access) standards, enabling better voice quality, text messaging
(SMS), and some data services.
 3G
• Deployed for the public in Japan by NTT DoCoMo in 2001, 3G focused
on standardizing vendors’ network protocol.

• In turn, users could access data from anywhere, which allowed

international roaming services to begin.

• Compared to 2G, 3G had four times the data transferring capabilities

reaching up to 2 Mbps on average

• The early 2000s saw the rollout of 3G networks, providing faster

data transfer rates and enabling services such as video calling and
mobile internet browsing. Technologies like WCDMA (Wideband
Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 were prominent in
this era.
 3G
• Although candy-bar and flip phones were popular choices during the 3G
era, smartphones were new.

• This new technology allowed users to listen to music, call, text, and
search through the internet on their mobile devices. There were two
major smartphone competitors at the time – Blackberry and Apple.

• Blackberry launched its first mobile device in 2002 –

the BlackBerry 5810.
 3G
• Released in 2008, the iPhone 3G or (iPhone 2) paved the way for
smartphones today.

• Apple’s cellphone demand was so high that 1 million iPhone 3Gs sold
over the opening weekend.
 4G
• Introduced for commercial use in Norway near the end of 2009, 4G
offered today’s standard services.

• Starting at a minimum of 12.5 Mbps, 4G provided high-quality video

streaming/chat, fast mobile web access, HD videos, and online gaming.

• Compared to a simple SIM card switch from 2G to 3G, mobile devices

needed to be specifically designed to support 4G.

• The deployment of 4G networks around 2010 brought significant

improvements in data speeds and capacity. LTE (Long-Term
Evolution) became the dominant standard, offering enhanced
mobile broadband services, mobile gaming, and HD video
streaming.
 4G
• The iPhone 6 (left) was Apple’s best-selling smartphone to date, but the
Samsung Galaxy S4 (right) was also a trendy smartphone and the best-
selling Android-powered mobile phone ever.
 Smartphones and Mobile OS:
• While early mobile phones were primarily focused on voice
calls and basic messaging, the introduction of smartphones
revolutionized the industry.

• The release of the iPhone by Apple in 2007 and the

subsequent growth of the Android operating system paved the
way for powerful, internet-connected devices with
touchscreens, app ecosystems, and advanced features.
 5G
• South Korea was the first country to offer 5G in March 2019. The 5th
generation was rolled out by KT, LG Uplus, and SK Telecom – all South
Korean telecom providers.

• 5G in Canada has already been introduced in major cities.

• Some experts now claim that 5G will be 20 times faster than 4G. In fact,
the median 5G download speed in Canada is 169.46 Mbps. That’s
already 205% faster than 4G!

• Another big difference between 4G and 5G is its latency and bandwidth

size.
 5G
• 5G also has a larger frequency range (between 30GHz and 300 GHz),
supporting more technologies and devices.

• 5G is an essential requirement of mass IoT deployments, needed for

smart cities and other industries.

• 5G is expected to support a wide range of applications, including the

Internet of Things (IoT), augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality
(VR).
 Mobile Apps and Ecosystems
• The rise of mobile apps has been a defining feature of the
mobile era.

• App stores, such as the Apple App Store and Google Play,
have become central hubs for users to download and install a
wide variety of applications, ranging from productivity tools
to entertainment and games.
 Mobile Payments and Services
• The integration of mobile devices into various aspects of daily
life includes mobile payments.

• Services like Apple Pay, Google Pay, and various banking

apps enable users to make transactions using their
smartphones.
 Emergence of Wearables
• The integration of mobile technology into wearables, such as
smartwatches and fitness trackers, has expanded the scope of
mobile devices.

• These devices often sync with smartphones, providing

additional functionality and convenience.
 Ongoing Developments
• The mobile landscape continues to evolve with ongoing
developments in foldable phones, improved battery
technologies, advancements in AI, and the exploration of new
form factors.
 Mobile Ecosystem
• Mobile Ecosystem is collection of multiple devices ( mobile phones, Tablet,
Phablet etc).

• Software ( Operating System, Development tools, Testing tools etc).

• Companies (Device Manufacturers, apps stores, development / testing

companies etc).

• The process by which data (sms, bank transactions etc.) is transferred /

shared by a user from one device to another device or by the device itself
based on some programs.

• Data sharing can be done between devices of the same operating system or
different operating systems. Examples iphone (IOS) or Nexus (Android)
 Mobile Ecosystem - Process
• Mobile is manufactured with necessary software and applications.

• Users buy phones and subscribe to plans with carriers. If needed,

buys/uploads applications for the device.

• Mobile Manufacturers – Example Samsung, Nokia, Nexus.

 Mobile Ecosystem – Operating System
• This is the important component of a mobile, which controls / operates
all applications that are residing on the mobile phone. Android is open
source and IOS is a closed source.
 Mobile Ecosystem – Operating System

Mobile Apps Development Tools:

•Android Applications are developed with Eclipse, Intellij Idea etc.

•IOS Applications are developed with Xcode, MonoDevelop, AppCode etc.

 Designing for context

What Is Contextual Design?

•Contextual design presents the most relevant content and/or functions up

front at all times.

•In doing so, the flow is controlled, taps/clicks are reduced, and both clutter
and stagnant empty states are avoided.

•As soon as an app is opened, its purpose should be clear and the next step
should always be obvious.

•Context-aware apps don’t sit and wait for user input before they come to
life; they evolve with the user.
 Designing for context

Contextual Design Is Effortless – For The User

•Context-based solutions are commonly used to present content pointedly.

• For example, Netflix’s recommendation algorithm carries out an invisible

process of data collection, categorization, and resolution that requires no
action from the user.
•Taking it a step further, content that is recently paused is presented in
forefront and users are encouraged to “continue watching” unfinished
material.
•Netflix is ensuring that its users will not have to search or click through
any barriers to access the content they are most likely to want..
 Designing for context
• Contextual Design Is Functional

• Context-sensitive designs can be used to solve a variety of product

challenges:

• Create a status dashboard that presents a clear call-to-action, tracks their

progress, keeps them updated, gets their attention when time has passed
and rewards them when they have finished.

• Provide context-sensitive help. Tell them why they’ve encountered the

error. Suggest solutions. Offer alternatives. Use the data you have to
help them pass the barrier.
 Designing for context
• Contextual Design Can Delight
 Developing a Mobile Strategy
• Communication has become swift as mobile apps are fast, visually
amusing, interactive and can be easily integrated other mobile features.
Smartphones have changed the life forever.

• The number of consumers accessing information via smartphones,

tablets and wearable has been increasing with time.

• People prefer a mobile app for storing and managing data, on-line
shopping, navigating etc.
Developing a Mobile Strategy
 Developing a Mobile Strategy

LEVERAGING CLOUD-TECHNOLOGY FOR MOBILE APP

DEVELOPMENT

•Cloud-based Mobile Development has various advantages over traditional

desktop-based tools.

•Development on cloud provides benefits like standardization, flexibility,

agility, and operational cost savings making the cloud model too alluring.

•Developers can develop from anywhere with cloud-based development

tools without having to install and maintain the infrastructure
 Developing a Mobile Strategy

ENHANCING DATA SECURITY

•The fact is users doesn’t care about data security and privacy while using
the apps, hence making it vital for developers to take precautions rather
than taking actions after data leakage.

•Some of the security issues in mobile app development can be insecure

data storage, weak server side controls, unintended data leakages, broken
cryptography, etc.
 Developing a Mobile Strategy

PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE APP

•Customers hate when the Mobile apps crash or they slow down or hung up
for few seconds.

•As a consequence, customers may leave a one-star rating and bad reviews
for the app, abandoning it. Mobile App crashes even causes issues like
losing user’s data.

•Organizations need to consider Memory Management, Software Lifecycle,

Inadequate Testing, Network management, Error condition and Exception
handling while making mobile app development strategy.
 Developing a Mobile Strategy

PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE APP

•Customers hate when the Mobile apps crash or they slow down or hung up
for few seconds.

•As a consequence, customers may leave a one-star rating and bad reviews
for the app, abandoning it. Mobile App crashes even causes issues like
losing user’s data.

•Organizations need to consider Memory Management, Software Lifecycle,

Inadequate Testing, Network management, Error condition and Exception
handling while making mobile app development strategy.
 Developing a Mobile Strategy

MONETIZATION STRATEGY

•Mobile apps are becoming huge businesses. In-app purchases and in-app
advertising are something that companies can strategize before launching
the mobile app.

•In-app advertising no doubt brings revenue but can annoy customers if not
executed properly.

•Mobile ads allow app companies to earn without asking money from their
users, removing the cost barrier to purchasing the app and allowing free
downloads.
 Developing a Mobile Strategy

SHIFTING FOCUS FROM APP DOWNLOADS TO CONTINUOUS

ENGAGEMENT

•The first focus of mobile app developers is achieving maximum

downloads, but an app isn’t successful unless it drives user engagement.

•Developers should work with the end clients at the design phase to better
understand the features that are most in demand.

•This can be possible with the inbuilt analytics of the Mobile apps. It can
even help App Developers understand the user experience across the entire
application lifecycle and to measure adoption and engagement.
 Mobile Information Architecture
• Mobile devices have their own set of Information Architecture patterns,
too.

• While the structure of a responsive site may follow more “standard”

patterns, native apps, for example, often employ navigational structures
that are tab-based.

• Again, there’s no “right “way to architect a mobile site or application.

• Instead, let’s take a look at some of the most popular patterns:

Hierarchy, Hub & spoke, Nested doll, Tabbed view, Bento box and
Filtered view:
 Mobile Information Architecture
• Hierarchy

• The hierarchy pattern is a standard site

structure with an index page and a
series of sub pages.

• If you are designing a responsive site

you may be restricted to this, however
introducing additional patterns could
allow you to tailor the experience for
mobile.
 Mobile Information Architecture
• Hub & spoke

• A hub and spoke pattern gives you a

central index from which users will
navigate out. It’s the default pattern on
Apple’s iPhone. Users can’t navigate
between spokes but must return to the
hub, instead. This has historically been
used on desktop where a workflow is
restricted
 Mobile Information Architecture

Nested doll

•The nested doll pattern leads users in a

linear fashion to more detailed content.
When users are in difficult conditions this
is a quick and easy method of navigation.
It also gives the user a strong sense of
where they are in the structure of the
content due to the perception of moving
forward and then back.
 Mobile Information Architecture

Tabbed view

•This is a pattern that regular app users

will be familiar with. It’s a collection of
sections tied together by a toolbar menu.
This allows the user to quickly scan and
understand the complete functionality of
the app when it’s first opened
 Mobile Information Architecture

Bento Box/Dashboard
•The bento box or dashboard pattern
brings more detailed content directly to
the index screen by using components to
display portions of related tools or content.
 Mobile Information Architecture
• Filtered view
• Finally, a filtered view pattern allows
the user to navigate within a set of data
by selecting filter options to create an
alternative view. Filtering, as well as
using faceted search methods, can be an
excellent way to allow users to explore
content in a way that suits them.
 Guide to Build the
Mobile Architecture for App Development
• Today, mobile devices are becoming more popular than desktops as
the number of mobile users is increasing day by day.

• So the highlight is how to cater the need of mobile users in order to

provide the seamless mobile user experience.

• The first thing to do is to change our traditional approach towards the

information architecture for mobile devices.

• As compared to a desktop, a mobile architecture is different as it

depends on the mobile’s physical dimensions and capabilities.
 Guide to Build the
Mobile Architecture for App Development
• Today, mobile devices are becoming more popular than desktops as
the number of mobile users is increasing day by day.

• So the highlight is how to cater the need of mobile users in order to

provide the seamless mobile user experience.

• The first thing to do is to change our traditional approach towards the

information architecture for mobile devices.

• As compared to a desktop, a mobile architecture is different as it

depends on the mobile’s physical dimensions and capabilities.
 Guide to Build the
Mobile Architecture for App Development
• Today, mobile devices are becoming more popular than desktops as
the number of mobile users is increasing day by day.

• So the highlight is how to cater the need of mobile users in order to

provide the seamless mobile user experience.

• The first thing to do is to change our traditional approach towards the

information architecture for mobile devices.

• As compared to a desktop, a mobile architecture is different as it

depends on the mobile’s physical dimensions and capabilities.
The IA Should Be Differently Organized
and Cater to Mobile Needs
 Guide to Build the
Mobile Architecture for App Development

• How a typical news website is shown in desktop and mobile browser.

• Here we see the mobile website is just ported from desktop to make
it work on a mobile browser.

• The IA should be differently organized to cater mobile needs.

 Guide to Build the
Mobile Architecture for App Development

• There are many ways that the news website has been interpreted in
the mobile browser.
Types of mobile
application
 Types of mobile
application
There are three basic types of mobile apps if we categorize them by
the technology used to code them:

•Native apps are created for one specific platform or operating

system.
•Web apps are responsive versions of websites that can work on
any mobile device or OS because they’re delivered using a mobile
browser.
•Hybrid apps are combinations of both native and web apps, but
wrapped within a native app, giving it the ability to have its own
icon or be downloaded from an app store.
 Types of mobile
application
There are three basic types of mobile apps if we categorize them by
the technology used to code them:

•Native apps are created for one specific platform or operating

system.
•Web apps are responsive versions of websites that can work on
any mobile device or OS because they’re delivered using a mobile
browser.
•Hybrid apps are combinations of both native and web apps, but
wrapped within a native app, giving it the ability to have its own
icon or be downloaded from an app store.
 Types of mobile
application
• Native Apps

• Native apps are built specifically for a mobile device’s operating

system (OS). Thus, you can have native Android mobile apps or
native iOS apps etc.

• Technology Used: Native apps are coded using a variety of

programming languages.

• Some examples include: Java, Kotlin, Python, Swift, Objective-

C, C++, and React.
Types of mobile
application
 Types of mobile
application
Web Apps

•Web apps behave similarly to native apps but are accessed via a web
browser on your mobile device. They’re not standalone apps in the sense
of having to download and install code into your device.

•One kind of web app is the progressive web app (PWA), which is
basically a native app running inside a browser.

•Technology Used: Web apps are designed using HTML5, CSS,

JavaScript, Ruby, and similar programming languages used for web work.
Types of mobile
application
 Types of mobile
application
Hybrid Apps

•These are web apps that look and feel like native apps. They might have a
home screen app icon, responsive design, fast performance, even be able
to function offline, but they’re really web apps made to look native.
•Technology Used: Hybrid apps use a mixture of web technologies and
native APIs. They’re developed using: Ionic, Objective C, Swift, HTML5,
and others.
Types of mobile
application
Types of mobile
application