ITEM

ANALYSIS
Presentation by Group 4
“If our students learned what we taught, we
would never need to assses. It is only through
assessment that we can discover whether the
instructional activities in which we engage
our students resulted in the intended learning.
Assessment really is the bridge between
teaching and learning.”

- Dylan William
What topics students are struggling with?
Is a particular question as difficult, complex or rigorous as you intend
it to be?
Do students really know the answer or just applying test-taking
strategies to eliminate the wrong answers?
Which items should be eliminated or revised before use in subsequent
test administrations?
Does the item do an excellent job of separating students who know the
content from those who may merely guess the correct answer?
ITEM ANALYSIS
- is a process that examines student
responses to individual test items
(questions) in order to assess the
quality of those items and the test as a
whole.
 Items that are too easy or too difficult

 Items that failed to show difference between skilled an

unskilled examinees.

 Items that are scored incorrectly or mis-keyed

Upper - Lower
(U-L) Index Method (a)difficulty index
a) Difficulty Index

(c) Distractor or
(b) Discrimination index
option-response

analysis
STEP 1:
Score the test papers and arrange
the total scores from the highest
to
lowest.
STEP 2:
Sort the top and bottom 27% of
the papers.
“27% is used because it has shown
that this value will maximize
differences in normal distributions
while providing enough cases for
analysis.”

- Wiersa and Jurs (1990)

Ex. The following scored are arranged from HIGHEST to LOWEST.
No. of students: 50 No. of Test Questions/Items: 50
Upper 27% = 13.5 or 14 students Lower 27% = 13.4 or 14 students
(UPPER GROUP) (LOWER GROUP)

No. of Students Score

1 50
2 50
3 49
4 48
5 48
6 46
7 45
8 44
9 43
10 42
STEP 3:
Tally the correct answers to each
item by each student/test taker
in the upper 27% group.
Item Number Upper 27%
N = 14

1 14

2 13

4 14
STEP 4:
Repeat Step 3 but this time,
consider the lower 27%.
Item Number Upper 27% Lower 27%
N = 14 N = 14
1 14 14

2 13 11

3 14 11

4 14 7
Listening Speaking
LANGUAGE
SKILLS
OVERVIEW
Reading Writing
DEVELOPING
LISTENING
SKILLS
Developing listening skills can be done in several ways, including:

Listen to Language Apps with an

Using Audiobooks
English podcasts Audio Focus
Improving
Speaking Skills
Ways to improve speaking skills in English can
be done through the following things:
Join a Speaking Club

Do Conversation Take Part in a Language

Practice Exchange
 MASTERING
READING AND
WRITING
How to master reading and writing skills in learning English can
be done with the following things:

Reading Various Materials Writing Practice

Read various materials, including books, Do writing exercises, such as daily

articles and news, to enrich understanding journaling or short essays, to improve your
and vocabulary. writing skills.
DO YOU HAVE
ANY
QUESTIONS?
Item Number Upper 27%N = 14 Lower 27%N = 14

1 14 14

2 13 11

3 14 11

4 14 7
THANK
YOU!