History of

Philippine English
1

Aim and Outline

This chapter narrates the history of English in the Philippines
and Philippine English (PhE) using Schneider’s (2003, 2007)
dynamic model of the evolution of Englishes as framework. As
such, the historical narrative is organized according to the
stages Schneider identified in his model but it is necessary to
begin with a brief description of his model as well as the
placement of PhE in the model. Also, some notes on the
language situation of the Philippines prior to American
colonization are given so as to better understand the
transplantation of English in the Philippines and, subsequently,
the emergence of a local English, PhE.
2
Schneider’s Dynamic Model of the
Evolution of Postcolonial Englishes

Schneider’s conception of the development of

postcolonial Englishes was first presented in a
2003 article and elaborated in a 2007 book. His
model is so influential that its importance in
understanding world Englishes today cannot be
underestimated. He succinctly presents the model
he developed in this fashion:
(1) In the process of the English language being
uprooted and relocated in colonial and postcolonial
history, PCEs [postcolonial Englishes] have emerged
by undergoing a fundamentally uniform process
which can be described as a progression of five
characteristic stages: foundation, exonormative
stabilization, nativization, endonormative
stabilization, and differentiation.
(2) The participant groups of this process
experience it in complementary ways, from the
perspective of the colonizers [/settlers] (STL
strand) or that of the colonized [/indigenous]
(IDG strand), with these developmental
strands getting more closely intertwined and
their linguistic correlates, in an ongoing
process of mutual linguistic accommodation,
approximating each other in the course of time.
(3) The stages and strands of this process are
ultimately caused by and signify
reconstructions of group identities of all
participating communities, with respect to the
erstwhile source society of the colonizing
group, to one another, and to the land which
they jointly inhabit.
“In each case, I distinguish the four constitutive parameters
mentioned earlier: extralinguistic (sociopolitical) background;
identity constructions; sociolinguistic conditions (contact settings
and participants’ use of specific varieties; norm orientations and
attitudes); and typical linguistic consequences (structural
changes on the levels of lexis, pronunciation, and grammar)”.

(Schneider, 2007, pp. 32–33)

Equip yourself with a skill that deeply influences your life
 2,500
Number of words to understand 90% of everyday
English conversations
Countries with interesting literature

Location 1
Home of many modern
literary greats

Location 2
Political, social, and economic
challenges topics

Location 3
Insights into indigenous
cultures and experiences
Language arts through time

Science and reason in literature Emergence of experimentation in

are promoted style and form

18th century 20th century

19th century 21st century

Emotion and individualism are Digital and multicultural literature
strong in literature become prominent
Key aspects for clear communication

Content Structure
Deep understanding of Present ideas in an
content material organized structure

Style Mechanics
Use the right style and Learn how to use
language use advanced grammar

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Rubric
Criteria Exceptional (4) Proficient (3) Basic (2) Limited (1)
Demonstrates a deep Shows a clear Demonstrates basic Shows limited
Content
understanding of the comprehension of the understanding of the understanding of the
understanding
material material material material
Organizes ideas in a
Organization and Presents ideas in a well- Organizes ideas logically Lacks organization and
somewhat logical
structure organized manner with a coherent structure structure
sequence

Language use and Utilizes a rich and varied Demonstrates a strong Uses basic language with Language use is limited,
style vocabulary command of language some variety lacks variety

Mechanics and Exhibits a high level of Displays a strong Contains several Contains numerous
conventions accuracy in grammar command of mechanics mechanical errors mechanical errors
Short answer questions
The students should read the following questions and answer them in their paper. These questions
require students to demonstrate their understanding of key concepts

01 How do writers use language and different writing techniques to make stories
interesting and powerful? Give examples from books you've read to explain

02 How does the way a story is told affect how readers understand and enjoy a book? Use
examples from your readings to explain

03 How do writers use words and special techniques to share their main messages or
themes?
Group discussion
Divide the class into small groups of 3-5 students. Assign each group a discussion topic or question. In
their groups, they should discuss the topic and reach conclusions

The impact of technology on Balancing classic and

reading habits contemporary literature

The importance of teaching The representation of

cursive writing
Topics diversity in literature

The role of poetry in The role of creativity

modern society in writing
Essay
Select a topic for the essay. Students should research the topic, outline the structure and write a
well-constructed essay

Topics
● The evolution of language in the digital age: Explore how
digital communication, including social media and online
platforms, has influenced the evolution of language.
Discuss the impact of emojis, and new forms of expression
● The power of storytelling: Investigate the importance of
storytelling in human culture and communication. Examine
how storytelling has evolved over time, from oral traditions
to written literature and digital media
Conclusions
The magic of
reading
After exploring a variety of
books, students have
learned that reading is not
about deciphering words on
a page, but also about
immersing oneself in
different ideas, and
perspectives
The building The art of public
blocks speaking
By studying grammar, Through lessons on public
students have grasped its speaking, students have
vital role in effective gained valuable skills that
communication. They have boost their confidence and
learned to correctly use enhance their
different parts of speech, communication abilities
tenses, and sentence
structures
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