Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fracture Final
Fracture Final
FRACTURE
Definition
1) Simple Fracture:
The wound is non-communicating
between the skin
and bone.
2) Open or Compound Fracture:
The wound is communicating between
the skin and bone and the skin has been
penetrated by a bone fragment from
inside.
3) Transverse Fracture:
The fracture line is perpendicular to the
long axis of the bone.
It often occurs as a result of strong force
applied to the bone.
4) Oblique Fracture:
Fracture line occurs at an oblique angle
[45degree] to the shaft of bone.
5) Spiral Fracture:
It is a type of complete fracture which
fracture line extends in a spiral form
along the shaft of the bone. It occurs
due to rotational or twisting force.
6) Linear Fracture:
In this fracture there will be one thin
line of fracture on the bone and no
compression or distortion of bones.
7) Longitudinal Fracture:
Fracture that occurs along the axis of
the bone this is most often seen in long
bone fracture.
8) Avulsion Fracture:
Fracture of the bone at the site of
attachment of tendons or ligaments due
to strong pulling force.
9) Comminuted Fracture:
It is a fracture with more than two
fragments. The smaller fragments
appear to be floating.
10) Pathological Fracture:
Fracture of a point in the bone
weakened by a disease.
11) Stress Fracture:
These are small or micro-fracture
resulting from repeat Stress during
playing or exercise like jogging or
running
12) Depression Fracture:
Broken parts of the bone are driven
inwards. An example is skull fracture.
Pathophysiology of Fracture
Stress placed on a bone, exceeds the bone
ability to absorb it.
Bleeding.
Inflammatory response.
Stages of Healing Bone Fracture
Hematoma Formation
(Week 1)
Hematoma forms at the site
of the bone break due to
the disruption of blood
vessels.
Development of Fibrocartilaginous
Callus (Week 2-3)
This is temporary formation of
fibroblasts which forms at the
area of a bone fracture as the
bone attempts to heal itself
Development of bony calluses
(Week 2-6)
A bone callus first starts off as
soft fibrous tissue and
cartilage. As healing continues,
the callus becomes bone,
which hardens and strengthens
over time.
Bone Remodeling
After a fracture, bone remodeling
is the final phase of the healing
process. The remodeling stage
starts around 6 weeks after the
injury
Clinical Manifestations