Interpreting Plans and Drawings

How Crops are Arranged in Row Planting

Row planting - is a system of growing crops in
linear pattern in at least one direction
Advantages:
(1) light absorption is maximized (east-west row
orientation)
(2) wind passage along the interrows is enhanced
(3) facilitates farm operations (cultivation,
weeding, including hauling;
(4) movement within the crop area is convenient
and allows close inspection of individual
plants; and
(5) visibility is enhanced.
 Cropping Systems
1) Monoculture or sole cropping – one crop grown alone or in pure
stand
2) Intercropping – 2 or more crops grown
simultaneously in alternate rows or set of
rows in same piece of land.
3) Strip cropping – 2 or more crops grown
simultaneously in alternate plots arranged in
strips that can be independently cultivated.
4) Relay cropping – 2 or more crops grown in
sequence, planting after flowering but
before harvest of former crop.
Relay Cropping
Advantages:
o Induces to plant more crops within a year
o Utilizes immediately the residual fertility and moisture
of the soil.
o Utilizes the standing crop as nurse crop
o Minimizes land preparation

Disadvantage:
o Some crops cannot tolerate shade and competition
at the early stage of growth
5) Crop rotation or Sequential cropping –
planting of different crops in the same land one
after the other

 Plants belonging to same

family should not succeed
each other

 Shallow and deep-rooted

crops should alternate one
another
6. Ratoon cropping
• retoño, "sprout"
• cultivation of regrowth from stalks after a
crop is harvested.
Ratoon cropping
Advantages
o Saves cost on preparatory tillage and planting
material.
o It gets benefit of crop residues and moisture
o Ratoon crop matures earlier

Disadvantages
o Yield decreases after each cycle
o Incidence of pests and diseases increases and
deterioration of soil takes place
Planting
System
 Planting System
1. Square method - crops are planted in four
corners of a square
 Farm operations can be done

conveniently and easily in two directions

 Growing of intercrops can be done

conveniently
 Disadvantage: space in the middle of

four trees is wasted

Planting System

A
NP = ----- x nph
PD

Where:

NP = No. of plants
A = Area
PD = planting distance
2. Triangular or hexagonal method

 provides more open space

 difficult layout
 cultivation becomes difficult
2. Triangular or hexagonal method

Note: Planting density is about 15 percent

more than that in the square method
3. Quincunx or Diagonal method

 The additional plant in the center is

known as “filler”
 The fillers are usually quick growing,
early maturing crops
 The planting of filler crops provide
an additional income
3. Quincunx or Diagonal method

A
NP = ---- + [(L / LD) – 1] x [(W / WD) – 1]
PD
Type of Planting Materials

1. Seeds
 planted directly in the field
 Generally applies to large-seeded crops
 Cover the seeds after planting
Type of Planting Materials

2. Transplants
 Seeds sown in the nursery first and then
transplanted
 When seeds are too small for direct planting in
the field
Type of Planting Materials:

3. Vegetative materials
 planted directly in the field
 Asexually propagated
 Field Layouting for Different
Cropping Systems
Exercise No. 4

OBJECTIVES

1. To be able to design farm layout.

2. To demonstrate how different cropping systems are done.
Methodology
You will be conducting an experiment on cropping system
using corn and legumes.

There will be five (5) treatments in this experiment. Each

treatment plot will measure 5 meters long and 4 meters wide.

There will be an alleyway of 50cm between treatments.

An outside border of 1 meter will be provided for the whole

area.
Methodology
The treatments are as follows:

T1 = corn monoculture
T2 = mungbean monoculture
T3 = corn intercropped with peanut
T4 = corn intercropped with mungbean
T5 = peanut monoculture
a. Corn seeds will be sown in rows spaced at 1 meter between
rows and 25 cm between hills at 2 seeds per hill.

b. Legume seeds will be drilled in furrows between the rows of

the main crop. Mungbean will be planted at 15 plants per linear
meter while peanut will be spaced at 20 cm between hills at 2
plants per hill.

c. Monoculture legumes will be spaced 50 cm apart between rows

and following the above mentioned planting density between
hills.
LEARNING TASK and CHECK:

1. Design the farm layout

a. For corn seeds (properly labelled as stated on page 27).
b. For mungbean & peanut (properly labelled as stated on
page 27).
c. For monoculture legumes (properly labelled as stated
on page 27).
2. Compute for the following
a. Effective area for corn, mungbean and peanut plants.
b. Total no. of corn plants
c. Total no. of mungbean plants
d. Total no. of peanut plants
3. In your own opinion, what is the best cropping system
to used if you are planning to planning vegetable in your
1,000 square meter garden? Why? please explain.