Communication: The context

Click to edit Master subtitle style A K Mathur

PGDHRM, PhD

MBA, PGDIM,

5/1/12

Definition
Communication is the process of sharing ideas, thoughts, and feelings with self and others

5/1/12

And having those ideas, thoughts, and feelings understood by self or by others. Click to edit Master subtitle style

5/1/12

Perfect communication A case

Father I want you to marry a girl of my choice. Son I will choose my own bride Father But the girl is Bill Gates daughter Son Well in that case it is OK

5/1/12

Next day Father approaches Bill Gates Father I have a husband for your daughter Bill Gates But my daughter is too young to marry! Father - But the young Man is vice president of world bank Bill Gates Ah! In that case it is OK.

5/1/12

Finally Father goes to see the President of World Bank Father I have a young man to be recommended as a Vice President. President - But I already have more Vice Presidents than I need! Father But this young man is Bill gates son in law. President Ah, in that case it is OK.

5/1/12

Holistic view

Communication is central to all life. living being can survive without it. communication is essential for all living beings.

No

Thus To

untangle the complexities of communication among living beings different universities have Centre for Research on Biological Communication system.

5/1/12

Human Communication

Human communication is a subset of communication which is happening in the universe. communication has to do with how individuals interact with each other using symbols and language.

Human

5/1/12

 Have

you ever talked to someone they felt insulted without you actually wanted to insult them? one telling you that you were arrogant. you feel insulted.

Some

Sometimes

We ignore something which is very serious AND mark it as miscommunication.

5/1/12 9

Health Communication
Health

communication is narrower in scope than human communication that is concerned with how individuals deals with health related issues. It refers to any type of human communication whose content is concerned with health and related fields.

5/1/12

10

Relationship
Communication

Human communication

5/1/12

11

Levels of communication
Human communication can be understood by segregating it into four levels (John Powers) Level 1- The content and form of messages may be verbal and non verbal Example Verbal choice of words and order of arrangement Non verbal Gestures, body language, dress
Are you appearing for exams? Appearing for examseh ,, come on. Its enough You.. Are.. appearing for.. exams. 5/1/12

12

Level 2 The communicator/s May be An individual A family, friend circle, relationships A group of people having same idea or belief. The way these will interact would be different.

5/1/12

13

Level -3 The way of interaction (Personal and impersonal) From - Totally impersonal to highly personal. depends upon relationship with the receiver. Example : Boss Subordinate-hierarchy; Friends
This

5/1/12

14

Level -4 The context and situations The communication is affected by the situation.
Formal

meeting , informal meeting Social gathering on different occasions wedding .

5/1/12

15

What is communication? *the sending and receiving of information to achieve understanding *the social process by which people in a specific context construct meaning using symbolic behavior.

5/1/12

1. Human Communication Four skills in communication

Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Listening

Speaking & listening=Speech communication

5/1/12

2. Communication is a social process of constructing meaning. *The interpretation of words depends on life experiences, values, feelings at the time.

5/1/12

3. Communication is contextual. *It is influenced by the time and place of the communication. *Speech communication is unique because it allows for face to face contact and immediate feedback.

5/1/12

4. Communication is symbolic. *It relies on verbal symbols. (words, languages) *It relies on non verbal symbols.

5/1/12

Basic human communication context

Intrapersonal communication Small group communication Mass Communication Interpersonal communication Organizational communication Public communication

5/1/12

21

What are some types of communication? 1. Intrapersonal communicationcommunication within oneself (your little voice) 2. Interpersonal communicationcommunication between people as individuals
5/1/12

Dyadic/one to onecommunication
communication between 2 people (dyad=2)

5/1/12

Small group3 or more people communicating with a common purpose *to answer a question *to make a decision *to solve a problem

5/1/12

1 or more senders communicating with a large group of receivers (an audience that is physically present) i.e.: play, pastor/priest & congregation, public speaking, lawyer, teacher
5/1/12

Public -

Mass1 or more senders communicating with an unlimited number of receivers who are not physically present -through media (radio, TV, newspaper, etc.)

5/1/12

Reasons to communicate

to inform to persuade to express feelings to express imagination to perform social rituals

5/1/12

What are some misconceptions of communication?

1. Communication is always valuable. -Cruel (making fun of people, insults) -Unethical (lying, cheating, breaking promises) -Inappropriate (gossip, talking in class/church) -Unwise (saying too much, sharing info that could hurt you later)

5/1/12

2. Communication is the solution to all

problems. i.e.: wars, divorce, making people like you 3. More communication is always better. i.e.: nagging, arguing, making a mountain out of a molehill

5/1/12

4. Meanings are determined by words alone. Words can mean more than one thing. Words carry emotional and/or cultural associations. (connotation) Word meanings can be affected by non verbal behaviors. (sarcasm)
5/1/12

5. Communication is simple. difficulties speaking (physiological, psychological) difficulties finding the right words for the situation i.e.: asking someone out, sharing emotions (love, sorrow)

5/1/12

Sharpening communication skills

Thinking, Speaking, Reading Writing Listening,

and Observing.

5/1/12

32

Basic Communication Skills Profile

________________________________________________ Communication Order Learnt Extent Used Extent Taught

____________________________________________ Listening Speaking Reading Writing Thinking Observing First Second Third Fourth ? ? First Second Third Fourth ? ? Fourth Third Second First

? ?

5/1/12

33

The Six Thinking Hats

Red

Hat. Emotions. Intuition, feelings, and hunches. Hat. Benefits. Why is this worth doing? What

How do I feel about this right now?

Yellow

are the benefits?

Black

Hat. Caution/Judgment/Assessment. Is this

true? Will it work? What are the weaknesses? What is wrong with it?
Green

Suggestions and proposals. What are some possible solutions and courses of action? What are the alternatives?
White

Hat. Creativity. Different ideas. New ideas.

Hat. Information. Questions. What information

34

do we have? What information do we need to get? 5/1/12 Statistical data.

Teaching thinking
CAF:

Consider All Factors

the factors affecting oneself the factors affecting other people the factors affecting society in general.

5/1/12

35

 FIP:

First Important Priorities II IIII

FIP

is a judgment situation and there are no absolute answers. What one person believes to be most important another person may place far down the list of priorities.

5/1/12

36

PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting Instead of just deciding whether or not you like an idea, this thinking operation has you make an effort to find the good points (P=Plus), Why you like.

the bad points (M=Minus) why you dont like. interesting points (I=interesting) about an idea. What do you find interesting about it.
5/1/12

the

37

APC: Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices

When

you have to make a decision or take action, you may at first think that you do not have all the choices at you disposal. But if you look for them, you may find that there are more alternatives than you thought. in looking at a situation there 5/1/12
38

Similarly

 OPV:

Other People's Views Others point of view

Being able to look at and understand another persons point of view may be a very important part indeed of the thinking process, and so a deliberate effort may have to be made to see another point of view.

5/1/12 39

 AGO:

Aims/Goals, Objective

The

AGO is a device to focus directly and deliberately on the intention behind actions. What is the actor aiming for? What is trying to be achieved? What does the actor want to bring about?
5/1/12 40

 C&S:

Consequence and Sequel

The

intention is to enlarge the view beyond the immediate effect of that action. An action may seem worthwhile if the immediate effect is good but if one makes a deliberate effort to look at longer term consequences, the action may not he worthwhile at all.
5/1/12 41

Meaning of listening
Listening

Is With The Mind & Hearing is With The Senses Listening Is Conscious/aware/alert/deliberate. Listening is an Active Process Of Eliciting Information

5/1/12

42

Fallacies about Listening

Listening is not my problem! Listening and hearing are the same Good readers are good listeners Smarter people are better listeners Listening improves with age

5/1/12

43

What we do
v v v v v Learn not to listen. Thinking about what we are going to say rather than listening to a speaker. Talking when we should be listening. Hearing what we expect to hear rather than what is actually said. Not paying attention ( preoccupation, prejudice, selfcenteredness, stereo-type)

Listening skills are difficult

to learn
5/1/12

44

Stages of the Listening Process

Hearing Focusing on the message Comprehending and interpreting Analyzing and Evaluating Responding Remembering

5/1/12

45

Barriers to Active Listening

Environmental

barriers

Physiological barriers Psychological barriers

v v v v

Selective Listening Negative Listening Attitudes Personal Reactions Poor Motivation

5/1/12 46

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Think about Listening ?
v v v v v v

Understand the complexities of listening Prepare to listen Adjust to the situation Focus on ideas or key points Capitalize on the speed differential Organize material for learning

5/1/12

47

How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.)

What You Feel about Listening ?
v Want to listen v Delay judgment v Admit your biases v Dont tune out dry subjects v Accept responsibility for understanding v Encourage others to talk
5/1/12 48

How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.)

What You Do about Listening ?
v Establish eye contact with the speaker. v Take notes effectively. v Be a involved listener. v Avoid negative mannerisms.

5/1/12

49

Thanks

5/1/12

50