Psychological

PERSPECTIVE
Unit 1.2

SS 21 – UTS
Understanding the Self

Course Presentation Prepared by

Soujee Ann W. Mangapac
College of Social Sciences – Dept. of Psychology Faculty
 SIGMUND FREUD’s
PSYCHOSEXUAL
THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

“Being entirely honest with oneself is a good exercise.”

2
Basic Groups of Drives
1. SEX/EROS: for survival, productivity, satisfying physiological
need
• LIBIDO: drives a person toward pleasurable behaviors
and thoughts
EROGENOUS ZONES: organs of the body that are
especially sensitive to the reception of pleasure, such as:
mouth, anus & genitals
2. AGGRESSIVE/THANATOS: compulsion to destroy, conquer
and kill
ex: teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor,
enjoyment of people’s suffering, narcissism
THE ICEBERG METAPHOR
 ANXIETY
FIGHT or FLIGHT DEFENSE MECHANISM
“Being entirely honest with
oneself is a good exercise.”
ERIK ERIKSON’S
PSYCHOSOCIAL
THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

“The more you know yourself, the more patience you

have for what you see in others.” – Erik Erikson
 JEAN PIAGET’s
THEORY OF
Cognitive
DEVELOPMENT

Date Your Footer Here 25

By age 5, the brain is at 90% of its adult weight.
 Piaget’s Stages of COGNITIVE Dev’t
STAGE COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
SENSORIMOTOR Explore through SENSES & MOVEMENTS
Birth to 2 y/o OBJECT PERMANENCE: things continue to exist even when they can't
see them
Separation Anxiety (SEPANX)
PREOPERATIONAL MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS & LANGUAGE; Play Pretend
2 to 7 y/o EGOCENTRISM: they assume that everyone else sees things from the
same viewpoint as they do
CONCRETE CONSERVATION, REVERSIBILITY, CLASSIFICATION
OPERATIONS LOGICAL thinking but only about concrete events - analyzing a
7 to 12 y/o situation or problem using reason and coming up with potential
solutions
FORMAL ABSTRACT REASONING about HYPOTHETICAL (imagined) events
OPERATIONS Abstract thinking - considering concepts beyond what we observe
12 y/o to Adulthood physically; planning, creative thinking

Date Your Footer Here 28

 Lawrence
KOHLBERG’s
THEORY OF

Moral
DEVELOPMENT
29
Problem: Before the teacher comes in, two of your
classmates started fighting. One is your enemy and
the other is your friend. How would you respond?

• A. Watch them fight and do nothing

• B. Help your friend because she is your friend and
she could help you in the future
• B. Stop them from fighting because it’s bad
• C. Watch them fight and think that your enemy
deserves a scolding later
30
 Title of your Section
Here goes the subtitle of your section

Humanistic PSYCHOLOGY 33
HUMANISTIC PSYCH Higher
Emphasis: Capacity for Order

personal growth, freedom

to choose one’s own destiny
& positive human qualities

Basic
MASLOW: Self seeks Needs

to gratify the most

basic needs first,
before it can hope to
satisfy the higher
order needs
 HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
• Each of us has the ability to cope with stress, to control
our lives and to achieve what we desire - RESILIENCE
• OTHER PSYCHOLOGISTS: There is no particular order of
gratifying your needs so long as the self seeks out to
satisfy these, even partially
• Aim: Self-Actualization – the “best of what one can be” &
Transcendence – mentor, coach, teach, care for
others

Date Your Footer Here 35

 ROGER’s Self -Concept
• Self : self-perceptions + values attached
• SELF-CONCEPT: overall perceptions and assessments of abilities,
behavior and personalities
1. Ideal Self: based in our hopes & wishes,
how we would like to see ourselves

2. Real Self: based on actual experiences,

how we really see ourselves

Large discrepancy b/n the real-self & ideal self

leads to maladjustment 36
Developing a MORE POSITIVE Self-
Concept
• Unconditional Positive Regard:
accepting, valuing, and being
positive towards another person
regardless of behavior
• Empathy: listen, understand and be
sensitive to others’ feelings; putting
yourself in the shoes of others; looking at their
world from their point of view

• Genuineness: openness, dropping

pretenses 37
Later Studies About the Self
• Edward Tory Higgins: achieving goals and
aspirations can lead to certain secure
rewards, like approval and love
• Daniel M. Ogilvie: undesired self is grounded
in reality while the ideal self is not rooted to
any experience; discrepancies b/n the actual
self and undesired self bring satisfaction

You can read more from your posted learning materials and your book 38
 Designed with by

www.PresentationGO.com

The free PowerPoint and Google Slides

template library