Modernisation and Development

• Share 3 reference points

– Refer to stages of society
• Traditional Transitional Modern
• Underdeveloped Developing Developed
– Both articulate set of goals and set agenda for action
– Both refer to a process – determined by value loaded criteria
• Volume of GNP/degree of industrialisation
• Essence of modernisation
– Creative rationality (James O’ Connel)
– Existence of co-relation  anlytico-causal and inventive
outlook
 Social changes in modernisation
Traditional • Modern
• Ascriptive • Achievement oriented
• Particularistic • Universalistic
• Diffused patterns • Specific
• Stable local groups • Mobile groups
• Limited spatial mobility • High mobility
• Simple DoL • Developed occupational
pattern
 Development and social change
• Capacity of the economy to generate and sustain
an annual increase in GNP
• Growth of per-capita GNP
• Ability of the nation to expand out-put
• Size and share of Agricultural sector should
decline
• Hope in trickle down hypothesis
Nature of Modernisation and Development
• A revolutionary process –
– as significant as ‘Neo-lithic Revolution’
– Nomard settled agriculture  urban/industrial
• A complex and multidimensional process
• A systematic process
• A global process (???)
• Both are lengthy and time taking processes
• Both are phased processes
• Homogenizing, irreversible and progressive
• ALSO BOTH ARE PAINFULL PROCESSES
– Expoitation