THE 555 TIMER

What is a 555 Timer

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of

timer, delay, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. Derivatives
provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package. The
design was first marketed in 1972 by Signetics.
• The 555 timer was created by Hans Camenzind (b. 1934) in 1970 while he
was working for Signetics. The design process took about a year. Designing
the chip was all done by hand, using rubylith which made the process take
much longer than by today's standards.
• the 555 Timers name comes from the fact that there are three 5kΩ resistors
connected together internally producing a voltage divider network between
the supply voltage at pin 8 and ground at pin 1.
The Uses of 555 timer
• The standard 555 timer IC is used in a variety of timer, pulse generation,
and oscillator applications. It can be used to provide time delays as
oscillators and as flip-flop elements.
• The 555 timer IC is an integral part of electronics projects. Be it a simple
555 timer project involving a single 8-bit microcontroller and some
peripherals or a complex one involving system on chips (SoCs), a 555
timer is involved. Here, we take a look at some 555 timer circuits based
on the IC.
555 Timer Block Diagram
555 Timer IC Pinout
PIN NUMBER NAME PURPOSE
1 GND Ground Reference(0V)
2 TRIG To give external trigger
voltage
3 OUT 1.7V below + Vcc or to GND
4 RESET To reset timing interval
5 CTRL Provides control access to
internal voltage divider
6 THR Threshold voltage
7 DIS In phase with output
8 Vcc Positive voltage supply
• • Pin 1. – Ground, The ground pin connects the 555 timer to the negative (0v) supply rail.

• • Pin 2. – Trigger, The negative input to comparator No 1. A negative pulse on this pin “sets” the internal Flip-flop
when the voltage drops below 1/3Vcc causing the output to switch from a “LOW” to a “HIGH” state.

• • Pin 3. – Output, The output pin can drive any TTL circuit and is capable of sourcing or sinking up to 200mA of
current at an output voltage equal to approximately Vcc – 1.5V so small speakers, LEDs or motors can be connected
directly to the output.

• • Pin 4. – Reset, This pin is used to “reset” the internal Flip-flop controlling the state of the output, pin 3. This is an
active-low input and is generally connected to a logic “1” level when not used to prevent any unwanted resetting of the
output.

• • Pin 5. – Control Voltage, This pin controls the timing of the 555 by overriding the 2/3Vcc level of the voltage divider
network. By applying a voltage to this pin the width of the output signal can be varied independently of the RC timing
network. When not used it is connected to ground via a 10nF capacitor to eliminate any noise.

• • Pin 6. – Threshold, The positive input to comparator No 2. This pin is used to reset the Flip-flop when the voltage
applied to it exceeds 2/3Vcc causing the output to switch from “HIGH” to “LOW” state. This pin connects directly to
the RC timing circuit.

• • Pin 7. – Discharge, The discharge pin is connected directly to the Collector of an internal NPN transistor which is
used to “discharge” the timing capacitor to ground when the output at pin 3 switches “LOW”.

• • Pin 8. – Supply +Vcc, This is the power supply pin and for general purpose TTL 555 timers is between 4.5V and 15V.
555 Timer Calculator with Formulas and
Equations
• Formulas and Equations for 555 Timer IC Calculator
• Frequency (f) = 1/ [ ln(2) x C x (R1 + 2R2) ]
• Frequency (f) = 1.44 / C x (R1 + 2R2) …. Where… 1/ ln(2) = 1.44
• TP = ln(2) x C x (R1 x R2)
• TP = 0.693 x C x (R1 x R2) …. Where… ln(2) = 0.693
• N = ln(2) x C x R2)
• TN = 0.693 x R2 x C …. Where… ln(2) = 0.693
• Where;
• C = Value of Capacitor in Farads
• R1 and 2R2= Value of the Input Resistance
• f = Frequency in kHZ
• TP = Positive or High Time from each pulse
• TN = Negative or Low Time from each pulse
THANK YOU