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Histology of Oral Cavity
Histology of Oral Cavity
MUCOSA
1. Epithelium: Nonkeratinised stratified squamous epm covers
internal surfaces of oral cavity and oral pharynx except the teeth
2. Lamina propria: vascular connective tissue with papillae similar to
those of dermis.
3. Muscularis mucosae: ABSENT
SUBMUCOSA
More fibrous and contains many blood vessels and minor salivary
glands
A. External Surface
The external surface is covered with thin skin and therefore
possesses hair follicles, sebaceous glands & sweat glands.
B. Transitional Zone
The transitional zone (vermilion zone) is the red area of
the lip. Here the connective tissue papillae(dermal papillae)
extend deep into the epidermis. Hair follicles and sweat
glands are absent, whereas sebaceous glands are absent.
C. Mucous Membrane
The inner aspect of the lip is lined by a stratified
squamous nonkeratinized epithelium with
numerous mixed labial salivary glands in the
lamina propria and submucosa.
2. Fungiform Papillae
Fungiform papillae are mushroom-shaped, are scattered
among the filiforms, and may be recognized by
their appearance as red dots. They contain taste buds
along their expanded aspect.
3. Foliate Papillae
Foliate papillae appear as longitudinal furrows along the
side of the tongue near the posterior aspect of the
anterior two-thirds. Their taste buds degenerate at an
early age in humans. Serous glands of von Ebner are
associated with these papillae.
4. Circumvallate Papillae
Vallate papillae are very large and form a V-shaped
row anterior to sulcus terminalis. They are each
surrounded by a moat or groove, the walls of which
contain tastebuds in their stratified squamous
nonkeratinized epithelium. Serous glands of von Ebner
open into the base of the furrow. Their connective tissue
core possesses a rich nerve and vascular supply.
TEETH
Teeth are composed of 3 calcified tissues (hydroxyapatite)
and a connective tissue core, the pulp.
A. Enamel
Enamel is the hardest substance in the body. It is made by
ameloblasts, cells no longer present in the erupted tooth.
Enamel is present only in the crown.
B. Dentin
Dentin is a calcified, collagen-based material that
constitutes the bulk of the crown and root; it surrounds the
pulp. Dentin is made by odontoblasts, whose long
processes (Tomes’ fibres) remain in channels, the dentinal
tubules.
C. Cementum
Cementum is located on the root of the tooth,
surrounding dentin. Cementum is a collagen-based,
calcified material made by cementoblasts, when
entrapped are cementocytes.
D. Pulp
The pulp is a Mucoid connective tissue that occupies the
pulp chamber. It is richly supplied by nerves and blood
vessels.
GINGIVA
The gingiva (gum) is covered by a stratified
squamous partially keratinized (parakeratotic) epm.