Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Observation
Observation
Rather that
Actually does simply
inference
Behavioral observation:
Functional
Emotional Social
Motor skills
responses interaction
Communication
Job performance
skills
Observation:
Immediate behavior : before-after
One shot affair / several sampling of a longer time span
Many strategy
Strategy 1
Formal informal
• Degree of structure process: • Less structure
who, what,when, where, how • Occur whenever counselor
• Standardzed instrument make notes of client behavior
• Trained observer • More elaborated
• rich data for understanding
client behavior
Strategy 2
Direct Indirect
• Observed directly • Rely on reported
• Firsthand of actual observation
behavior
Strategy 3
Natural
Contrived setting
setting
• Naturally occurring setting • Analog assessment
• Ex: Work place, school, • Individual performing in
home, particular task/simulation
• Ex: laboratory, center of
assessment,
Strategy 4
unobstrusive participant
• No interaction between • Both watching & interacting
obsever and those being with the clients
observed • Commonly use in qualitative
• Individual behavior not approach
affected with observation it • More detailed & accurate
self information
• Ex: one way mirror, video
Methods of recording
Many methods, depends on the use of formal & informal record
Informal (anecdotal record, raw note)
Formal (event recording, duration recording, time sampling, rating
scale)
Anecdotal record/raw notes
descriptive narrative of an individual behavior
record immediately
noted: name, observer, date, time, setting,
description & reflection/interpretation observer
more observer?? recording system??
Anecdotal record/raw notes
focus on objective
brief but use phrase
specific single describe (use
complete than sentences
incident example)
name
observed
Tuesday IIIII II 7
etc
Duration of behavior
date
name
observed
Description of behavior Crying
Date Time episode started Time episode ended Duration of episode
20/3 10.15 11.05 50 minutes
20/3 12.00 12.15 15 minutes
21/3 09.10 09.35 25 minutes
Etc
Time sampling (interval lengt
depend on frequency)
Problem 30 mnt 30 etc
behavior mnt
inattention
agression
Inappropriate
verbal
Inappropriate
movement
Etc
Rating Scale
Semantic differential
scale (anxious -----
calm)
Source
Self Report
Collateral Sources