WHO’S

IN
CONTR
CHAPTER 10 – Science 10

OL?
PRELIMINAR
Y
ACTIVITY
Mabuhay! Blessed
Be God Forever!
Fe Aiza D. Domaoal – Science Teacher
PRELIMINAR
Y
ACTIVITY
Let Us Pray
PRELIMINAR
Y
ACTIVITY
Attendance
Check
PRELIMINAR
Y
ACTIVITY
Quick
Recap
- Summarize the function of the
PRELIMINAR
major endocrine glands and the
hormones they secrete. Y
- Explain the feedback mechanisms ACTIVITY
of the endocrine glands.
- Give examples of processes that
Learning
are controlled by hormones. Objectives
- Have the students study the 2
pictures (baby picture & one taken MOTIVATION
recently).
AL
- Write in a long bond paper 10
ACTIVITY
changes that you have noticed
about yourselves. THEN VS. NOW
- How do you explain the changes that
have taken place in your body from the
time your were a baby to the present
time?
WHO’S
IN
CONTR
CHAPTER 10 – Science 10

OL?
 HUMAN BODY
Try observing yourself in theREGULATION
mirror. Are
you aware of the changes happening in
your body? Perhaps you have noticed that
you have grown taller? Have a more
defined waist? Have you experienced a
fight-to-fight reaction requiring fast
movement from an approaching speeding
car?
 HUMAN BODY
-These fast reactionsREGULATION
and slow changes
happening in your body are partially
controlled or regulated by hormones.
-Hormones are chemical messengers that
carry instructions to cells to change their
activities.
-The effect of hormones can last for hours,
days, weeks or even years.
 HUMAN BODY
REGULATION
-Hormones are produced by the
glands of the endocrine system.
Together with the nervous
system, the endocrine system
functions to keep all parts of
the body running smoothly.
 HUMAN BODY
-A gland is an organ whose cells secrete
REGULATION
materials to be brought to the different regions
of the body; sometimes via tubelike structures
called ducts.
- Endocrine glands (endo means “within”,
krinein means “separate”) are ductless glands
that secrete hormones directly into either the
blood stream or the fluid around the cells
(extracellular fluid) .
 HUMAN BODY
-The endocrine system coordinates all
REGULATION
of the body’s sources of hormones.
However, some organs of the endocrine
system such as the pancreas are
involved in exocrine system.
 HUMAN BODY
REGULATION
-Exocrine glands (exo means “outward”) such as sweat glands, mucus glands,
and salivary glands, deliver substances through ducts. The ducts transport the
chemicals to specific locations in the body.
 FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES
-Regulating growth, development,
behaviour, and reproduction.
-Coordinating the production, use, and
storage of energy.
-Maintaining internal homeostasis such as
nutrition, excretion, water, and salt balance.
-Reacting stimuli from outside the body.
 HOW HORMONE WORKS
-Each hormone that a particular endocrine
gland produces or secretes contains
instructions that are specific to a certain
cell type; they bind to and are enacted by
specific cells called target cells. (imagine)
What would happen without this
specificity?
 HOW HORMONE WORKS
What would happen without this
specificity?
-If the cells in the body respond to any
hormone, it will cause uncoordinated
processes and activities among the organs
of the body.
 HOW HORMONE WORKS
-The relationship between a hormone and a
receptor of a target cell – be it on the cell
membrane or cytoplasm – is similar to that of a
lock and key.
- Once it recognizes its target cell, a hormone’s
shape (key) matches and binds to a particular
receptor (lock) on its target cells. The hormone,
then sends the message that signals the cell to
change its activity.
 HORMONE REGULATION
-Your body produces more than 40 kinds of
hormones that are regulated to prevent internal
imbalances, or worse, body malfunctions such as
goiter or gigantism. The body has several means
of regulating its hormone levels. For instance,
nerve impulses can increase or decrease the
secretion of some hormones.
 HORMONE
REGULATION
-A baby nursing on a mother’s breast stimulates
oxytocin secretion, which, in turn, stimulates the
release of more milk from the mother’s mammary
gland. The baby’s lack of interest to breastfeed
and weaning period decrease the amount of
oxytocin secretion in the body, which signals the
decrease of milk production, or stop the
production altogether.
 HORMONE
REGULATION
 HORMONE REGULATION
-In many cases the production of hormones is maintained or regulated
through feedback mechanisms. Feedback mechanisms detect and
adjust the amount of hormones circulating in the blood or the amount
of other chemicals produced by an initial hormone action.
 HORMONE REGULATION
-If an increased hormone secretion is
enhanced to produce even more hormones,
the regulation is called positive feedback.
This mechanism increases the deviation of
the hormone level from the normal as
needed by the body in a certain situation.
 HORMONE REGULATION
-An example of a positive feedback is during
childbirth. More hormones are released to
stimulate the contraction of the uterus, which
enables the mother to release the baby.
 HORMONE REGULATION
-The production of hormones may also be
regulated through a negative feedback
mechanism. A negative feedback counteracts
the production of more hormones. Negative
feedback mechanism decreases the deviation of
the hormone level from the normal value.
 HORMONE REGULATION
-For example, high levels of a hormone inhibit
the production of more hormones, or low levels
of a hormone stimulate the production of that
hormone. Negative feedback mechanism can be
compared to driving a car. If the driver finds the
car too fast, he or she releases the gas pedal; and
if he or she finds the car too slow, he or she
presses on the pedal to accelerate the car.