Solutions

Special pharmacology, exercise

• Medicinal solutions are homogeneous, clear, liquid
medicinal preparations that contain one or more medicinal
substances dissolved in an appropriate solvent.

SOLVENTS:
• water
• plant oils
• ethanol
• mineral oils
• glycerol

SOLUTIONES MEDICINALES
• Aqua purificata (Destilled water
or Demineralized water) -
obtained by distillation or
demineralization of drinking
water • Oil as a solvent:
• - for external use (except eye olive oil neutralized
drops) and for oral administration
• Aqua pro injectione olive oil
• - obtained by redistillation and
sterilization
• - for injectable solutions and eye
drops

Solvents
• Clarity (achieved through filtration)
• Isotonicity (eye drops and injection solutions)
• - achieved by adding NaCl

Requirements for
solutions
• glass bottle (Da ad vitrum)

• dark glass bottle (Da ad vitrum nigrum)

• bottle with a dropper (Da ad vitrum guttatorium)

• bottle with a pipette (Da ad vitrum cum pipeta)

SUBSCRIPTIO:
• Intended for application to the skin and visible mucous membranes (mouth rinsing, eye, bladder,
and vaginal irrigation), local treatment of wounds, ointments, rubbing, and preparation of
dressings.

• Active substances:
• Antiseptics
• Astringents
• Protective agents

• Solvents:
• Purified water
• Chloroform
• Glycerol
• Acetone
• Ethanol
• Fatty oils"

Solutions for external

use
 • Signatura: EXTERNAL!!!
• The quantity of the medicine is
expressed as SC (%)
• They are often prepared in a
concentration higher than the one
intended for use; the signature
MUST indicate the 'dilution for
use.'
• *small spoon = 5ml of aqueous
solution large spoon = 15 ml
water glass = 150-200 ml

Specificities in prescribing solutions

for external application
• Issuing solutions for external use:
• in bottles
• in plastic bottles
• in containers V = 50 – 300 ml

In what form do we
dispense solutions?
Rp.
Acidi borici 3,0
Aque purificatae ad 100,0
Misce fiat solutio
Da ad vitrum
S. Externally. Rinse the affected area several times a
day.

Prescriptions -individually
prepared preparations
 Example 2 Example 3
Rp. Rp.
Hydrogenii peroxydi solutionis dilute 100,0 Povidon jod, solutio 500,0
Da ad vitrum Occlusionem
S. Externally, dissolve a tablespoon in a praeformatam No I
glass of water for rinsing the mouth and (unam)
throat. D.S. Ad manum medici.

IPP
• Clear liquids contain a medicinal substance dissolved in
an appropriate solvent.
• They are intended for oral administration.
• Most commonly intended for children / elderly
individuals / individuals with swallowing difficulties.

Solutions for internal

use
ADVANTAGES
• easy to swallow
• rapid absorption of the
medicinal substance
• low likelihood of
gastrointestinal irritation
• possible correction of
taste and smell
SOLUTIONS:
DISADVANTAGES
• a small number of medicinal
substances can be dissolved
• physical, chemical, and
microbiological instability
• large packaging
(inconvenient for transport
and storage)
• V = 50 – 300 ml
• Shelf life (after opening) = 3 – 4 days, max. 7 days!
Quantity of medicinal substance – Single Prescription
Dose (SPD)
• The doctor prescribes the total dose; the patient measures
individual doses themselves! (imprecise => only for
mild-acting drugs)

Specificities in
prescribing
• Correction of the unpleasant taste and odor of the
solution:
• syrups: Simple syrup lemon syrup
• aromatic waters: peppermint water
• essential oils: citrus essential oil peppermint essential oil
• Constituent: distilled water

Solutions
• Prescribe 10 doses of potassium iodide solution:
• single prescription dose (SPD) (KI) = 0.3g
• 0.3g x 10 doses = 3,0 g <=> 10 individual doses of KI
• 5 ml (small spoon)-one individual dose x 10 doses = 50
ml (solvent) <=> total quantity of solvent

RULES
Rp.
Kalii iodidi 3,0
Aquae destillatae ad 50,0
Misce fiat solutio
Da ad vitrum
S. In eight hours, dissolve one teaspoon of the solution in water and
drink it.

Example:
Rp.
Belladonnae tincturae 10,0
Da ad vitrum guttatorium
S. Take 25 drops with a glass of water every eight hours.
Tinctura belladonnae contains 0.03% alkaloids –
atropine and scopolamine;
SPD (Single Prescription Dose) = 25 drops."

Example 2
• Dense, viscous solutions or suspensions, sweet in taste,
containing a medicinal substance and sugars (sucrose,
glucose, fructose) dissolved in water.
• They may also contain auxiliary substances (artificial
sweeteners, aromatic waters, preservatives).
• Medicinal substances:
• antibiotics - expectorants
• Antipyretics - antiparasitic drugs
• antitussives - vitamins

Syrups
• Medicines with very strong effects must not be prepared
in the form of syrups!!!
• The amount of medicinal substance in 5ml of syrup
(teaspoon) is always indicated on syrup packaging =
Single Prescription Dose (SPD)
• Dose of spoon.

Rules:
• Prescribe ampicillin syrup for a 10 kg child:

• Total Daily Dose (DD) = 50 mg/kg in 4 individual doses

50 mg x 10 kg = 500 mg/day in 4 individual doses
Prescribed Dose (PD) = 500 mg/4 = 125 mg
• 250 mg/5 ml => 125 mg/half teaspoon

Example:
Rp.
Ampicilin, sirup
Occlusionem praeformatam No I (unam)
D.S. Take half a teaspoon every 6 hours

RMP
Thank’s!